SWOT Analysis on Non-Alcoholic Beverages - 1007 Words

Company Description and SWOT Analysis Sheryl Medford-Mark Professor Joaquin Angles Strategic Management July 16, 2015 Create your revised NAB Company. Freshi Inc. is an American multinational non-alcoholic beverage corporation headquartered in Purchase, New York, United States, with interests in the manufacturing, marketing and distribution of Gatorade and other products. Freshi was formed in 1956 with the merger of the Freshi-tea and Juicy, Inc. Freshi has since expanded from its namesake product Freshi to a broader range of food and beverage brands, the largest of which includes an acquisition of Topdrinks in 1998 and a merger with Leeds Oats in 2001, which added the Gatorade brand to its portfolio. The major product†¦show more content†¦Three types of risks Firstly, there is increased focus on negative health effects of soft drinks and unhealthy foods. The risk to our company is that persistent and continued emphasis on these effects may curtail soda and snack-food consumption. Soda makers are banding together to proactively tackle the issue. In selected cities next year, they will roll out vending machines that will not only display the number of calories in a container of soda, but also suggest a lower-calorie beverage option. Fast-food operators have mostly borne the brunt of the backlash against unhealthy foods. Secondly, there are legislation risks: A proposed soda tax aimed at curbing obesity could put increased pressure on PepsiCo. Capitalization Risk: Our credit rating was lowered due to the debt we took on to fund bottler acquisitions. The acquisitions and restructuring costs will pressure bottom-line growth in the short term and have the potential to lower return on investment and increase commodity cost pressures. Develop a SWOT analysis for your company. Strengths Product diversity Extensive distribution channel Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) projects Competency in mergers and acquisitions 22 brands earning more than $1 billion a year Successful marketing and advertising campaigns Complementary product salespeople Proactive and progressive Weaknesses Over-dependence on major stores Low pricing Questionable practices Much weaker brand awarenessShow MoreRelatedMarketing Analysis : Marketing Audit Essay1049 Words   |  5 Pagescompetitors’ level of profitability †¢ Their number/concentration. †¢ Their relative strengths and weaknesses of competition. †¢ The marketing plans and strategies of our competition. There are number of tools and audits that can be used, for example SWOT analysis for the internal environment, as well as the external environment. Other example includes PEST and Five Forces Analyses, which focus solely on the external environment. In many ways marketing audit clarifies opportunities and threats and allowsRead MoreSwot Analysis : Pepsicos Competitors959 Words   |  4 PagesSimilar to the beverages industry, an increase of consumer awareness of health effects and government regulations is majorly impacting the snack industry. According to Henkes (2017), production costs will increase by at least 50% within the next 5 years due to new requirements and consumer trends such as the source of ingredients, nutritional values, organic, certified, health and wellness, and accountability. Despite the increasing costs, the most recent global survey, Snack Attack, indicatedRead MoreMission Statement : The Coca Cola Company Essay1587 Words   |  7 PagesProductivity: Being a highly effective, lean and fast-moving organization.† (The Coca-Cola Company , 2016). Company Description: The Coca-Cola company is a world renown company eminently known for its wide-range of non-alcoholic soft drinks. This company is a dominant beverage manufacturer and is currently selling in two-hundred countries while tailoring to each ethnic culture and background within each country. Coca-Cola currently holds four divisions within the company: Replenishment, HealthRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Coca Cola Company1249 Words   |  5 Pages SWOT and Strategy Evaluation Paper Esteban D. Romero PHL/320 March 23, 2016 Dr. David Aiken Company Overview The Coca-Cola Company is a leading giant in the soft drink manufacturing industry. The company creates, produces, distributes and markets non-alcoholic beverage syrups and concentrates to bottlers worldwide to produce soft drinks, and artificially carbonated beverages. 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The main purpose of the store is to serve non-alcoholic beverages like coffee and yogurts to the people in my neighborhood who will have travel almost a mile to get to the nearest beverage store. My Parlor is a neighborhood beverages store where customers can bring their families to have a thirst quenching non-alcoholic beverages, especially during the summer season. The word MY was chosen to give customers a kind of sense of ownershipRead MoreThe Industry Leaders Of The Non Alcoholic Beverage Market2117 Words   |  9 PagesThroughout this report, we will be exploring the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threat for each of these publically traded companies. We will further compare and analyse the financial performance of these two industry leaders of the non-alcoholic beverage market. 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On the other hand beers are turning of and wines are becoming more popular, awareness on the effect of alcohol, decline of consumption on-Read MoreCoca Cola Marketing Plan Analysis1286 Words   |  6 PagesSummary The coca cola company is widely known as one of the world’s largest manufacturer and distributor of non alcoholic beverages, operating in more than 312 countries in the world and holds a licence to at least 500 beverages. This report presents a marketing plan for the Coca Cola company and analyses coca cola’s marketing strategies, marketing mix and also looks into the SWOT analysis. The history of Coca Cola began in 1886 when pharmacist John Pemberton from Atlanta mastered a flavoured syrupRead MoreAl Ahram Beverages1451 Words   |  6 PagesCase Analysis Al Ahram Beverages Company â€Å"2† By: Marmina Abdel-Malek 900 00 1809 Fall 09 â€Æ' I- Overview: ABC was a public company originally found in 1897, that has been nationalized in 1963, until it had been privatized in 1997 and acquired by the Luxor Investment group represented by Ahmed el Zayat as a CEO and board chairman. Luxor group is an American investment group focusing on investment more than the business itself. Zayat’s vision and objectives: Marinating local market dominance and transforming

Persuasive Essay My Portfolio - 1140 Words

My portfolio demonstrates that I lacked in argumentative purpose, execution, sentence structure, grammar, formatting, and clarity. However, my overall portfolio shows my quality in writing has increased and improved in those areas throughout the semester and overall became a better writer. Throughout this semester, I struggled with argumentative purpose. This really showed in essay one and two, but improved in essay three and four. In essay one, I struggled with communicating the argument to the reader which was the main purpose of the essay. However, i also struggled with describing Pearce’s argument without using a lot of quotes in my essay. Before i revised essay one, it failed to help the reader understand Pearce’s argument and i received a grade of 62. I realized that my essay lacked argumentative purpose when you wrote â€Å"Imagine your reader has not read pearce article yet. How can you explain to them so that they understand his major points and thesis. What details will they need that may be lacking here†(Appendix 1). In my revised essay, i explained Pearce’s main points of the essay and also made the argument clear for the reader to understand. I realized i improved on the argumentative purpose section in essay one when i receive d a grade of 98 and you wrote â€Å" Excellent revisions for Unit One. This draft is clear and does a wonderful job explaining the main points of Pearce’s essay. The object of this first unit is to describe the argument of the author without havingShow MoreRelatedMy Portfolio Is A Reflection Of The Two Best864 Words   |  4 PagesMy portfolio is a reflection of the two best essays that I wrote during the English 101 course during the 2016 spring semester. It contains my Media Analysis essay, â€Å"Imagine the Possibilities,† and my Research-based Academic Argument (RBAA), â€Å"Euthanasia.† These two essays are my best work, and were both improvements from the first essay that I completed for this class. With many hours being put into both of these papers, I worked hard to stay organized and have good research, both things that I previouslyRead MoreI Have A Good Writer949 Words   |  4 Pageslearned that I love the world and I have statistics. One of the mo st important things I have learned this year is that I have potential. I have potential to be a good writer. I have always loved writing and reading. Maybe it is because my mother imprinted it upon my brother and myself to read a lot. Perhaps it is because I truly love the smell and feel of books, or the release you get from writing out what you have been keeping inside. Either way, I have loved writing and reading, and this year IRead MoreI have been a student in English Composition II for one semester in which I have learned many700 Words   |  3 Pagesa writer. My writing skills have largely improved as well as my knowledge on how to make my claims depending on the type of audience and of course on what my claim is. 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These included writing a clear thesis statement, showing awareness of my audience, and revealing the effectRead MoreAnalysis Of Christopher Columbus And Charles Lindbergh804 Words   |  4 Pagesh ave wrote numerous essays, with generally positive results. Several of the essays exceeded expectations, while others reached expectations to a modest extent, but all of the essays were supported by the writing skills that I had learned that year, regardless of my strengths or weaknesses with these skills. These techniques vary extensively, from comparing and contrasting ideas in a text to editing and revising essays for quality results, which is proven in my writing portfolio. The first skillRead MoreSample Learning Outcomes: Understanding the Functions of Essays1509 Words   |  7 Pagespurposefully in order to generate support writing†(Outcome 2), â€Å" To produce complex, analytic, persuasive arguments that matter in academic contexts†(Outcome 3) and lastly, â€Å"To develop flexible strategies for revising, editing, and proofreading writing.†(Outcome 4)All of these different writing outcomes are demonstrated within four of my essay’s that have been written and presented in my portfolio. At the beginning of my semester of writing I struggled to meet these quotas and had issues explaining and deliveringRead MoreThe Importance Of Writing781 Words   |  4 PagesAll throughout my public school education, the majority of my writing consisted of persuasive essays. While I have grown to become confident in my ability to produce this type of writing, when I started college, I felt lost writing research papers. 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In the past few years in English, I have never bothered to read my papers over once I finished writing them. As soon as I was done, I would save it and turn it in. I preferred to edit as I went along, which I still do, however that was not sufficient. Reading the whole paper over gave me a better look at the format of

Tikal Free Essays

With its plethora of palaces, altars, shrines, and soaring temples, Tikal may be the premier Maya site. For over 1,100 years, the Maya built here, expanding the site until it covered an area of 25 square miles. In its heyday, the city may have had 100,000 residents, and it was ruled by a single dynasty of over 39 successive rulers. We will write a custom essay sample on Tikal or any similar topic only for you Order Now The heart of the site is the Great Plaza, which is surrounded by the Central Acropolis, the North Acropolis, and Temples I and II.In the North Acropolis alone, 100 buildings lie piled atop one another. Temple I is 145 feet tall, but it is dwarfed by Temple IV. At 212 feet, Temple IV, built around A. D. 741, is the tallest pre-Columbian structure in the Western Hemisphere. Champey is located 11km to the south of Lanquin, in a valley with steep walls, surrounded by tropical humid forest. There is a 300m long limestone bridge, on top of which there are several natural pools of different sizes, filled with crystalline mountain spring water.The pools are 3-14 ft. deep. Underneath the bridge is the Cahabon River. At the end of the bridge, the water from the pools falls rejoining the river, forming a 40ft waterfall. The color of the water changes during the year depending on the season, sun and other natural factors, making for unique picture-taking opportunities. It is a beautiful place, often called idyllic. Copan is located in northern Honduras. The first descriptions of Copan appeared in a letter to King Philip II of Spain dated March 8, 1576.Home to the longest text in Precolumbian America, the stairway provides a history of Copan written in stone. More than 2,200 blocks rise from steps that recorded the history of the 16th ruler Yax K’uk Mo’. Carved out of greenish andesite makes this even more fascinating. Alter Q shows Yax K’uk Mo’ transferring power to the final ruler of Copan, Yax Pac. During Holly Week, Antigua Guatemala hosts the most beautiful religious celebration in the America, when huge processions wind their way through the town’s streets. The Spanish Colonial style permeates every part of the town: its houses, churches, squares, parks and ruins, also its traditions and folklore as well Copan Ruinas, a small and beautiful town just a few minutes from the Copan Mayan Ruins. It is a peaceful town that offers you all basic services you need to make your visit an enjoyable experience, such as hotels, restaurants, museums, handicrafts, and many other amenities. Just a few minutes away, the Copan Archaelogical Park, declared by UNESCO a Patrimony to Humanity, is waiting for you.Copan Ruinas is located on the Western side of Honduras, very near the border with Guatemala. It is only 12 km from the border crossing point of El Florido, and about 240 km from Guatemala City and 160 km from San Pedro Sula, which is the main Honduran gateway into Copan. http://www. semucchampey. com/en/semuc-champey. html https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gt. html http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/nova/maya/media/copa_01_q. html http://www. lonelyplanet. com/guatemala/practical-information/money-costs http://mayaruins. com/yucmap. html How to cite Tikal, Papers

SOLAR ENERGY THE ENERGY OF THE FUTURE About 47 Essay Example For Students

SOLAR ENERGY THE ENERGY OF THE FUTURE? About 47 Essay SOLAR ENERGY THE ENERGY OF THE FUTURE? About 47 per cent of the energy that the sun releases to the earth actually reaches the ground. About a third is reflected directly back into space by the atmosphere. The time in which solar energy is available, is also the time we least need it least daytime. Because the suns energy cannot be stored for use another time, we need to convert the suns energy into an energy that can be stored. One possible method of storing solar energy is by heating water that can be insulated. The water is heated by passing it through hollow panels. Black-coated steal plates are used because dark colours absorb heat more efficiently. However this method only supplies enough energy for activities such as washing and bathing. The solar panels generate low grade heat, that is, they generate low temperatures for the amount of heat needed in a day. In order to generate high grade heat, intense enough to convert water into high-pressure steam which can then be used to turn electric generators there must be another method. The concentrated beams of sunlight are collected in a device called a solar furnace, which acts on the same principles as a large magnifying glass. The solar furnace takes the sunlight from a large area and by the use of lenses and mirrors can focus the light into a very small area. Very elaborate solar furnaces have machines that angle the mirrors and lenses to the sun all day. This system can provide sizeable amounts of electricity and create extremely high temperatures of over 6000 degrees Fahrenheit. Solar energy generators are very clean, little waste is emitted from the generators into the environment. The use of coal, oil and gasoline is a constant drain, economically and environmentally. Will solar energy be the wave of the future? Could the worlds requirement of energy be fulfilled by the powerhouse of our galaxy the sun? Automobiles in the future will probably run on solar energy, and houses will have solar heaters. .

Socialization Definition Essay Samples Essay Example

Socialization Definition Essay Samples Essay Define socialization The environment largely influences our perceptions, which leads to diversity. Eddie D. Love (2014) wrote an article on LinkedIn on how the environment influences individual perception. He begins by defining the word perception, which literary translates to how we view things. Every living being is entitled to have thoughts of their own. However, these thoughts are tailored by the environment in which that individual is exposed to. Psychologists characterize perceptions as being positive and negative. These perceptions are what makes us different from each other. Positive perception is as a result of the things we find attractive in our environment, and which make us feel good and uplift our moods. On the other hand, people attribute negative perception to painful or unpleasant memories. These positive and negative images are products of the environment, which is a primary factor on how interact with other people. So, how does our perceptions of the environment make us different from each other? Eddie D. Love (2014) argues that people who grow up in different environments view life differently. For example, those that perceive the environment in a negative manner often find it hard to conform to the ways of others. The same also happens to those who positively view the environment because they have a different way of thinking that differs from those with a negative perception. We will write a custom essay sample on Socialization Definition Essay Samples specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Socialization Definition Essay Samples specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Socialization Definition Essay Samples specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Furthermore, the different perceptions of the environment affect the emotional intelligence among a group of people. Negative environments will harden an individual and inspire them to do better in life whereas positive environments do not inspire the person to become fearless and assertive in any environment (Love, 2014). Therefore, our perception of the environment makes us different in various ways, such as inspirational level, emotional intelligence and problem solving skills. Additionally, children that grow up in unsafe environments filled with crime end up engaging in crime. Those that grow up in a secure environment with loving parents grow up to fulfill their dreams and become successful. Hence, our differences are as a result of our perceptions of the environment. In conclusion, our surrounding plays a key role in our development. Human beings would be similar if they were raised in the same environment. Using studies, psychologists have proven that the environment greatly influences individual development, which affects how they relate with each other (Shergill, 2012). Indeed, our abilities to view the environment leads to diversity. Negative perceptions of the environment results in the individual having different thoughts and different goals in life. On the other hand, individuals with positive perceptions of the environment often aim for greater things. Thus, the two individuals are different because of their different perceptions of the environment. Shergill (2012) brings forth a discussion that how we perceive the environment not only makes us different from each other, but also different from animals. Likewise, the environment molds individuals into what they will become in future. It is true that the environment plays a fundamental rol e into our development. References Love, E. (2014). Retrieved 22 March 2018, from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20141104055117-198091596-how-your-environment-influences-your-perception Shergill, H. (2012). Experimental psychology. [Place of publication not identified]: Prentice-Hall Of India Pv. What is socialization Shared reality is a phenomenon in which people induce themselves to other peoples opinions or they adopt other peoples perceptions regarding an issue or event. That is the way how we perceive our environment and it make us different from each other. Moreover, shared reality theory is a branch of psychology and termed as Social Psychology. Charles Horton Cooley an American sociologist in 1902 termed the social psychology as Looking-glass Self. Nowadays, shared reality can be witnessed very largely in the social media networks like Facebook where people share their opinions and perceptions and other people like as well as comment on that opinion/perceptions. Social Cognition: It is matter of fact that shared reality is a social cognition (the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning). Indeed, humans actually attune behaviors like eating, dressing, liking and disliking of music as well as the thought process from the people around them. Even, if a person does not mingle with other person, but indeed he/she must think about other person and may also start fantasizing him/her. Therefore, shared reality is a type of social cognition which is by birth in the human nature. How will peoples Facebook posting behavior affect the construction of shared reality? A common phenomenon on social media like Facbook is everyone is busy in posting his/her understanding or thoughts about a specific issue or event. The people connected to that person via Facebook are likely to like, dislike, comment or confront to the understanding or thought. There are four factors which are influential to determine that how a persons Facebook posting behavior affects the construction of shared reality. 1) Specific audience, 2) abstract audience, 3) independent variable, and 4) dependent variable. All four are briefly explained here under: Specific audience: When we talk about specific audience in respect of social media and in reference of shared reality, it means the people who are targeted or deemed to be the target of the specific opinion or perception shared on the social media i.e. Facebook. This is the determined or specific audience. Abstract audience: Similarly, an abstract audience is the audience which is not known and cannot be determined by a person who is going to share his/her opinion or perception on the social media i.e. Facebook in reference of shared reality. Independent variable: Independent variable is the indicator that adhere the audience type and its reaction towards your opinion/perception on some issue or event. For instance, when someone posts an article on his own timeline, in return he/she will receive abstract imagined audience, posting the same article on a friends timeline will return with specific imagined audience, and emailing the article to own self gets into control condition. All of these are independent variables. Dependent variable: Dependent variable is the condition where memory is checked and what you measured in the experiment required to be recalled and write down to examining the memory and knowing the confidence that one showed for his recall. The dependent variable measures organic memory effects. Conclusion: At the end of treatise, the meaning and importance of shared reality and its linkage with the social media particularly as discussed and defined above with the Facebook has been examined and understanding is being unveiled that shared reality is a phenomena in which one person match his perception to the other person. However, it has also been recognized that shared reality is actually a form of social cognition which belongs to the cognitive process of a human being. The affects of Facebook posting behavior and its factors has also been examined .With all above, it has been concluded that shared reality is actually an inbuilt human evolution process which was defined in 1902 by Charles Horton Cooley as Looking-glass Self.

Agents in Tourism Industry Research Paper

Agents in Tourism Industry Research Paper Agents in Tourism Industry Research Paper Research Paper on Agents in Tourism Industry: Tourism presents one of the fastest growing industries in the world because information and communication technology has enabled people to identify tourism destinations worthy a visit. Although the trend appears similar to both developing and developed nations, the former have witnessed unprecedented rise in the number of tourists from around the world coming to enjoy scenic land features and ecosystems. In effect, governments have responded correspondingly by enhancing the role they play in tourism development. In emerging nations (such as Thailand and South Africa) and developing countries (such as Kenya), tourism contributes a significant part to the national economies. Common in other countries, governments have begun to play the role of planners, managers, facilitators, stimulators, and regulators of tourism activities in an effort to promote development in their tourism sectors (Sharpley Telfer 2002). In addition, some players have come up to complement the efforts of the gove rnments and others, to protect the environment and local communities against the capitalist desires of the government. Private enterprises provide support in form of investment and advice to state institutions involved in tourism. Local communities identify and report to government about potential tourist sites and regions as well as protecting the natural and cultural resources against destruction. Other major agents in tourism industry in the countries include multinational agencies, non-governmental organizations, and media, among others. The governments have formed various partnerships with the other agents from the private sector to work cooperatively in promoting sustainable growth of respective tourism sectors (Huybers 2007). Although the partnerships have worked well in some cases, they have encountered various hurdles in other cases that have limited their success. The current research explores the various agents involved in tourism industry in developing and emerging nations. It examines the role of government institutions and roles of other players, including media, international organizations, local communities, and others. The research also explores the nature of partnership between private and public organizations in the countries. Government’ s Role The legislative, executive, and judiciary arms of government have great influence on tourism development in many countries, including both developed and developing countries. In third world countries, the level of influence depends on the perceived economic importance that tourism holds in the overall economy and the extent of the relationships between different government institutions as well as political, social, and cultural characteristics of the nations. Although government institutions vary from one country to another depending on the type of government (for example, democratic or communist), the major institutions that have significant influence on the tourism industry include central and local (or provincial) governments, law enforcement agencies, administrative units, courts, and other units of governance. According to Sharpley and Telfer (2002), the major roles played by governments of emerging and developing nations include planning, management, policymaking and regulation , investment, protection of interests of different stakeholders, social tourism, and promotion. Planning Government plans for all major development activities and operations in the tourism industry. Majority of tourist attractions include natural endowments, such as natural ecosystems, attractive natural sceneries, and other natural features in different countries (Huybers 2007). Since tourism value of such endowments form a significant part of national economies in developing countries, government has a major obligation to plan on how tourism operations and other related activities should be carried out to protect and preserve the endowments. The plans may involve a wide range of operations, including maps of land usage in areas neighboring the endowments, marketing plans, layouts of infrastructure (roads, accommodation facilities, and other support services), and plans of the recommended modes of transport in different tourist attraction sites. The planning may be short-term or long-term, demonstrating how government expects development of tourism sector to be in future. For instance, Thailand government has been involved in various planning activities owing to the significant role played by tourism in the national economy. In 2008, the government released a marketing plan explaining how it intends to promote the various tourist destinations in the country (Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) n.d.). In the same year, Kenyan government also released its tourism strategic plan for the period from 2008 to 2012, showing how the government expects to promote its tourist attractions, fund development of its tourism sector, and monitor tourist operations (Ministry of Tourism (MOT), Kenya n.d.). Management Tourism development involves collaborative efforts of many stakeholders, including government, international players, local societies, private sector groups, and many others. Thus, it is essential for the government to manage or coordinate these stakeholders in an effort to ensure smooth operations in the sector. Government manages the activities of the various stakeholders to minimize replication of efforts among themselves and to align their practices with the objectives and goals laid down in planning (Sharpley Telfer 2002). Without government coordination, it is not be possible for the various public institutions and other stakeholders to know areas conducive to tourism development, government plans in place to promote tourism development in various regions, and the efforts being made by other stakeholders in achieving development objectives. As a result, stakeholders would reproduce efforts of other players in the sector, a situation likely to lead to increased development acti vities in some areas of the sector at the expense of others. Therefore, government’s role as a manager of the tourism industry serves to harmonize the efforts of all players with objectives of tourism plans for even development in all tourism areas within the country. In many developing countries, governments establish specialized public institutions to coordinate activities of domestic and international tourism operators. For instance, Department of Tourism in Kenya is the government unit responsible for managing all activities related to tourism development in the country. In Thailand, TAT coordinates activities of domestic tourism agents and international partners to ensure balanced development in all sectors of the tourism industry according to government plans. The Department of Tourism, South Africa has a legal mandate to manage development activities at provincial, national, and international levels to ensure that they are in line with government goals regarding touris m industry in the country (Lubbe 2003). Regulation and Legislation Government develops and implements legislations intended to regulate development in the tourism industry. It formulates various legislations to control tourism operations in an effort to promote development in the sector, type and nature of stakeholders to participate in the industry, to establish and conserve natural endowments perceived as tourist attractions. In addition, it also implements laws to regulate contributions of other sectors of the economy to tourism. For instance, legislative efforts to regulate entry of foreigners into the country, taxes paid by citizens and foreigners, protection of the environment, and labor inevitably affect development activities in tourism industry. Tourism legislative framework in Kenya demonstrates the nature of the regulative role of government in the industry. The country has a comprehensive Wildlife Conservation and Management Act (WCMA) that controls tourist activities in specific sites (lakes, ocean, forests, and land features) as well a s other related ecological sources that influence survival of the tourist sites. It has also enacted other laws to control operations that support tourism, including the Hotels and Restaurants Act (HRA) and the Tourist Industry Licensing Act (TILA) (MOT, Kenya n.d.). Investment In any developing, emerging, or developed nation, government invests heavily in tourism industry to complement investment efforts by the private individuals and organizations. It not only invests in those areas perceived as capital-intensive projects, but also in regions considered unworthy for investment by private entrepreneurs. In many developing nations, governments have invested heavily in establishing museums, national parks, game reserves, beaches, roads, airports, airline, other transportation means, hospitals, and other tourism related infrastructure. They have also undertaken investment in other low-risk projects, such as accommodation and travel services. For instance, Thailand government has established more than 100 national parks, comprising of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems that serve as tourist attractions (TAT n.d.). It has also build an effective road network, making the parks easily accessible to both domestic and international tourists. Facilitation Government role as a facilitator of tourism development has a great influence on growth of the tourism industry in emerging and developing nations. It facilitates development in a wide range of ways. Through law enforcement agencies, it ensures security and safety of tourists and tourism operators and their investments (Sharpley Telfer 2002). For instance, Kenyan government created a dedicated tourist police unit to ensure security and safety of tourist while visiting the various parks and attractions in the country. It can also stimulate development through provision of subsidies, grants, and tax breaks to encourage private individuals and firms to invest in the sector as well as to attract tourists. A good example is Thailand where it refunds value-added tax (VAT) tariffs to tourists when they purchase goods and other items at designed retail centers. Other Influences Government plays other roles, such as promotion of their countries as tourist destinations, development of social tourism, and safeguarding of interests of the public (Sharpley Telfer 2002). It establishes various products to market the various tourist attractions available in the nation in an effort to attract tourists and investors into the sector. In other countries, such as Kenya and Thailand, government promotes social tourism, encouraging tourists to visit the countries to witness and learn about various cultures espoused by different communities. Government also participates in tourism development by protecting the interests of the public against exploitation by private investors. It gives some part of revenues collected in tourist attractions back to the neighboring communities and requires private investors to establish corporate social responsibility programs to improve living standards of people living in regions adjacent to their facilities. Role of Others Agents Besides government, other parties in Third World countries play significant roles in tourism industry. Among others, they include local communities, private enterprises, media, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and multinational agencies. Local Communities Like government, local communities have greatest influence on development of tourism industry. Environmental conservation remains the major role of local societies, as they coexist with various tourist attractions available in their country. They have a responsibility to coexist with biodiversity within ecosystems and report any environmental malpractice by some of their members, public officers, and private investors to the relevant authorities. In majority of developing countries, the communities have become essential components of cultural tourism. They form cultural groups to attract local and foreign tourists to come and see their cultural heritage as well as to entertain the tourists when they visit neighboring sites. For example, Kenya is well known internationally for its wide variety of cultural tourist activities organized by various local communities. Tourists to Masai Mara National Reserve have the opportunity to enjoy not only the vast diversity of animals, but also the cultural heritage (dances, houses, and dressing) of Masai community, one of few Kenyan communities that have preserved its culture amidst widespread influence of Western cultures on way of life of many Kenyans (MOT, Kenya n.d.). According to Lubbe (2003), local people may invest into the tourism industry as private investors or partner with government, NGOs, and international agencies to establish projects that foster tourism development. In various countries, communities have partnered with the government and NGOs to advocate for sustainable tourism development. They have championed for doing tourism operations and activities in a way that protects and conserves the environment, which influences greatly survival of the various ecosystems serving as tourist destinations. Moreover, the communities can also play a role of domestic tourists by visiting national parks, game reserves, and other attractions within their countries. Private Enterprises In developing or emerging nations, Sharpley and Telfer (2002) argue that private investors complement entrepreneurial role of government in the tourism sector. The major contributions of the private enterprises include investments in the travel and hotel and accommodation industries. In the travel industry, they establish travel agencies to offer various services to tourists. They serve as travel agents who approach potential tourists and organize all travel requirements, including visas for the tourists. They also organize means of transport for the tourists during visits to the various tourist destinations within their nations. In majority of developing countries, private investors remain the major travel agents of tourists. In hotel and accommodation industry, they invest heavily in hotels and restaurants in regions surrounding tourism sites. Through the investments, they offer employment opportunities to many local people, thereby improving living standards of local communities. In addition, they support government in development of infrastructure in regions where they operate. For instance, they build roads and invest in conservation projects in tourism sites where their facilities are located as a way to attract tourists to their businesses. Media Media’s role in the sector involves marketing and bringing awareness among all stakeholders about the tourism in emerging or Third World nations (Lubbe 2003). Domestic and international media run different programs intended to promote various tourism sites and adventures offered by such sites in a bid to encourage people to visit those sites. Emergence of internet and computer technology has provided a means to the government to promote tourist destinations to people around the world. In the case of Kenya, Thailand, and South Africa, every government has integrated information technology to support tourism promotional activities. Anybody in the world can access these websites to learn most the details about tourism in the nations, including various destinations, interactive maps showing how to get to the destinations, various attractive features to expect in the sites, nearby hotels, relevant travel agents, and rates of the services. Thus, potential tourists can choose on thei r own potential destinations to visit and plan effectively. As an education tool, it provides a platform through which different stakeholders can understand, learn, and enjoy opportunities offered by various regions within a country. It brings awareness among public about various tourist destinations within their country and importance of conserving the sites. It also makes private enterprises aware of opportunities and benefits in various regions in the nations, enabling them to invest in underdeveloped areas of tourism industry. NGOs NGOs play an essential complementary role of facilitating and advocating for sustainable and equitable tourism development in Third World and emerging nations. Like any other sector of economy, tourism requires some level of activism to compel governments and private enterprises to run their operations in ways that respect the rights of local communities and in a manner that conserves the environment. If left alone, private investors can collude with governments to exploit opportunities provided by the tourism industry to increase their profits at the expense of the environment and local people. As a result, NGOs intervene in developing countries to champion for the rights of the poor and natural ecosystems. They include non-profit, voluntary organizations, bringing together individuals at local, national, and international levels to fight for environmental justice (Sharpley Telfer 2002). Among others, some examples include Oxfam Community Aid Abroad (OCAA), EcoVitality, Internation al Ecotourism Society and Conservation International, and African Propoor Tourism Development Centre (APTDC). These organizations play different roles to realize their objectives in developing countries. Some play advocacy role of compelling governments and private investors to engage in sustainable tourism development while improving the lives of the poor in the community. For example, APTDC falls within this category as it works closely with the Kenyan tourism stakeholders. It comes in during government planning of tourism activities where it brings together relevant public institutions, local communities, and private enterprises to discuss and share information on the best ways to carry out tourism operations to preserve the environment and benefit poor people within the community. APTDC also monitors effects of tourism on host communities and environment and then attempts to advise government, international agencies, and other major stakeholders to reevaluate their development activities and operations. Others play a facilitative role, offering ecotourism services to tourists and helping local communities to establish ecotourism investments. For instance, EcoVitality provides tou rists to developing countries in Africa with environment-friendly travel services. The NGO uses the earnings obtained from the services to finance conservation efforts in Namibia aimed at protecting lions in national parks. Another NGO, OCAA, provides non-profit tour services (travel and accommodation) aimed at reducing the effects of tourists on the environment and local communities and benefiting host communities in emerging and developing nations. International Agencies Various multinational organizations comprised of governments and tourism organizations from different countries influence growth of tourism industries in developing nations. Their major objective entails scrutinizing tourism developments in those nations to ensure that they conform to standards acceptable globally. According to Lubbe (2003), major global tourism agencies include World Trade Organization (WTO), International Air Transport Association (IATA), International Hotel Restaurant Association (IHRA), and World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC). WTO represents the only international agency responsible for coordinating all facets of tourism development in the globe. It coordinates national and international stakeholders in planning, development, and implementation of tourism projects in almost every country across the globe. It also facilitates conferences among different local and global tourism agents to address and share information about the issues facing tourism and possible alternative approaches to address them. It plays an educative role of doing research on different problems facing developing nations and offering information to them on how to solve the issues. Other roles include educating and training future professionals as well as promoting ecotourism initiatives in both developed and developing countries (Huybers 2007). WTTC comprises of private enterprises from the various sectors of national tourism industry, including accommodation, catering, travel, transportation, and other tourism-related enterprises. Its major role entails promoting and campaigning for entrepreneurship in the international tourism sector. It promotes tourism development as a means to reduce unemployment levels in developing nations. It promotes for liberalization of world market in all sectors that influence or relate to tourism industry (Lubbe 2003). In addition, it negotiates with governments (on behalf of its members) to eliminate protectionist policies that would cause uneven competition among the different players in the industry. It encourages its members to embrace sustainable development and interact with local communities effectively to alleviate their standards of living. IHRA and IATA can be regarded as subsets of WTTC, with IHRA playing specialized roles in tourism and hospitality industry, and IATA playing simila r roles to those of WTTC in the air travel industry. To some extent, World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), United Nations Environmental Agency (UNEP), World Health Organizations (WHO) also play significant role in tourism sectors of developing countries. For instance, IMF provides funds to governments for financing infrastructure, while WHO monitors and informs tourists and local communities about disease outbreaks in different regions of the globe. Public-Private Relationship The nature of tourism industry calls for a positive relationship between government institutions and non-governmental agents for sustained development. It requires substantial resources (capital, infrastructure, human resources, and others) and comprises many activities, making it impossible for either government or private enterprises to handle on its own. Thus, it becomes essential for the government to seek collaboration with other agents to foster tourism growth. Advantages One of the advantages presented by the partnership includes enhanced effectiveness of tourism policies in the country. Development of tourism policies (for example, economic, planning, or environmental management) involves a complex process that requires a comprehensive understanding of all factors surrounding issue under consideration (Huybers 2007). Although public policy-making in many developing nations remains the sole responsibility of government, participation by private entities is needed to make the policy more responsive to issue at hand. Private agents, particularly local communities and enterprises directly affected by the problem, stand in a better position to understand the issue effectively. Thus, government can invite them to discuss and exchange information about the problem and methods to solve it effectively. This minimizes resistance from the private agents that occurs when governments develop and implement tourism policies without consultation. The partnership mi nimizes financial burdens that the government or private agents would have shouldered if they implemented projects independently. It not only enables the partners to share expertise, information, financial resources, and others, but it also eliminates duplication of efforts. They meet frequently to discuss and agree on how to collaborate in form of resources to develop the various sectors of tourism industry. For instance, Lubee (2003) lauds the effective partnership between South African government and private enterprises for enhanced development in the nation’s tourism industry. The government works well with different private entities, including the Federated Hospitality Association of South Africa (FEDHASA), the Tourism Business Council of South Africa (TBCSA), and the Regional Tourism Organization of Southern Africa (RETOSA), among others. Each of these organizations represents specific private investors, implying that collaborative efforts consider contributions of from every market player. In effect, they are in a position to come up with tourism development policies that take into account the different interests of each group. Disadvantages Public-private partnership involves extensive consultation among agents from different regions and sectors of the tourism industry, which tends to slow down decision-making process. As Huybers (2007) argues, agents or representatives come with interests of their members, implying that they need to represent the issues for the other partners to discuss and express their opinions. In many instances, achieving consensus in such situations (even for smaller issues) becomes a challenge. In many developing nations, private organizations do not trust state institutions due to issues of misuse of power by public officers, corruption, and excessive bureaucracy. This mistrust may permeate into the partnership, implying that the private agents may not be willing to agree with the government on matters concerning tourism project funding. This greatly limits the ability of the partnership to make positive impacts in the tourism industry. For instance, Kenya does not have strong public-private par tnership due to mistrust between the two agents. The country ranks among the most corrupt nations in the world, making it hard for private institutions to trust the willingness and commitment to spend funds rightfully for the expected development activities. In some cases, some private enterprises have shied away from engaging in any form of partnership, fearing that corrupt government officials may affect public image of the businesses. One of the most effective ways for the Kenyan government to get out of this problem is to fight corruption at every level of the state tourism institutions to improve its image among the other stakeholders. It needs to develop and implement effective internal controls to enhance corporate governance structures in the sector. This may encourage private agents to begin trusting the government, which may see the country exploit sustainably its wide-ranging sites of tourist attractions. Conclusion In third world countries, the level of government influence depends on the perceived economic importance that tourism holds in the overall economy and the extent of the relationships between different government institutions as well as political, social, and cultural characteristics of the nations. Government plans for all major development activities and operations in the tourism industry. For example, Kenyan government released its tourism strategic plan for the period from 2008 to 2012, showing how the government expects to promote its tourist attractions, fund development of its tourism sector, and monitor tourist operations. Government also manages or coordinates different stakeholders involved in the industry to ensure smooth operations in the sector. It formulates various legislations to control tourism operations in an effort to promote development in the sector, type and nature of stakeholders to participate in the industry, to establish and conserve natural endowments perce ived as tourist attractions. Moreover, government invests heavily in tourism industry to complement investment efforts by the private individuals and organizations. Government role as a facilitator of tourism development ensures security and safety of tourists and tourism operators and their investments. Besides government, other parties in Third World countries play significant roles in tourism industry. Environmental conservation remains the major role of local societies, as they coexist with various tourist attractions available in their country. Local people may invest into the tourism industry as private investors or partner with government, NGOs, and international agencies to establish projects that foster tourism development. The major contributions of the private enterprises include investments in the travel and hotel and accommodation industries. Media’s role in the sector involves marketing and bringing awareness among all stakeholders about the tourism in emerging or Third World nations. NGOs play an essential complementary role of facilitating and advocating for sustainable and equitable tourism development. The major duty of global agencies entails scrutinizing tourism developments in those nations to ensure that they conform to standards acceptable globally. WTO represents the only international agency responsible for coordinating all facets of tourism development in the globe. The nature of tourism industry calls for a positive relationship between government institutions and non-governmental agents for sustained development. Private agents, particularly local communities and enterprises directly affected by the problem, stand in a better position to understand the issue effectively. However, it involves extensive consultation among agents from different regions and sectors of the tourism industry, which tends to slow down decision-making process. At writing company you can order your custom research papers on various topics you need. All you need is to place an order at our website!

Privatized Prisons in the US Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Privatized Prisons in the US - Research Paper Example This discussion will look into the advantages and disadvantages regarding both systems. The private prison experiment has lasted nearly three decades in the U.S., long enough to make conclusions about the effectiveness and overall impact on state and local governments. Privatized prisons have experienced dynamic growth in recent years but the concept, at least in part, has been around for a long time. During the 1800’s, some states entered into contracts with private groups to lease inmate labor. Leasing prisoners occurred on a fairly routine basis but the system and the inmates, as might be expected, were subject to widespread abuses. Because of this, the prisoner lease system came to an end in 1920’s during the Progressive Era. Until recently the fast growth in the prison and jail populations generated extraordinary opportunities for entrepreneurs to own and operate prisons beginning in the 1980s. The concept of privatization became a topic of public discussion in the mid-1980s, when the newly formed Corrections Corporation of America (CCA) proposed to the State of Tennessee’s to operate its entire prison system. The State paid CCA $250 million dollars on a 99-year deal. In return, CCA would lodge the state’s prisoners for an annually negotiated per-inmate payment. In addition, CCA would insure that the prisons it operated would meet the criterion establish by the same federal judge who had earlier determined that the state’s prison system violated of the U.S. Constitution due to the sub-standard conditions of confinement. (McDonald, et al. 1998) CCA’s relationship with Tennessee started the privatization boom that spread across the nation. Other states were experiencing similar issues with overcrowding and the problems associated with it therefore happy to hand the operation of prisons over to an outside entity. Many have questioned the legality of privatization, arguing the practice does not square with e Constituti on. While the legality of governments assigning correctional authority to private corporations was broadly argued in the 1980s, it now seems that opposition to prison privatization, at least on a constitutional basis, has no merit. Unless a government has positively no convincing statutory authority for entering into contracts with private prison companies, courts will be hesitant to nullify those contacts on grounds of delegation. â€Å"Only delegated rulemaking and adjudication functions that directly purport to exercise a government power are deemed to require special constitutional due process safeguards and to be subject to heightened judicial scrutiny.† (McDonald, et al. 1998) No clear case law has been developed to define with precision how general due process standards will be applied to private prisons. The U.S. has the higher incarceration rate than any other in the world and is paying more than $3 billion a year to the private prison industry. These two facts are i nterrelated in an intentional and disturbing way. According to a study recently completed by the Justice Policy Institute (JPI), America’s two largest private prison corporations, GEO Group and CCA collectively pocketed annual incomes of $2.9 billion in 2010. The JPI issued a report based on the study called â€Å"Gaming the System.† It reveals that during the past decade, the number of prisoners housed in private

Beats by Dre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Beats by Dre - Essay Example Furthermore, marketing 4 Ps are also critically illustrated after which the Asnoff Growth Matrix is used to illustrate the trends in business growth. Beats Electronics is a division of Apple Inc. that majorly specializes in the production of headphones and speakers (Monica, 2011, p. 01). These main products are branded ‘Beats by Dre.’ The operational headquarters of the organization are set in Culver City, California in the United States. Within the short time that the company has been in operation since 2008, the sales volumes have mainly been boosted by its vigorous marketing operations, especially in the United States (Wheeldon, 2014, p. 53). The marketing transactions are handled from a multi-angular approach which includes considerations of marketing mix elements, and the Asnoff Growth Matrix. Porter (1998) invented a model that is used to track marketing operations in all markets, irrespective of the items of trade that are involved (The National Agency for Innovation and Research in Luxembourg, 2008, p. 01). There are five major determinants which interact in a bid to control the level of operations within the business market. These in include competitive rivalry within the industry, threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes, suppliers’ bargaining power and bargaining power of the customers. The level of competition among firms within an industry directly determines the effectiveness of the sector. Each company strives as much as possible to retain or improve its positioning within the market. As a result, several competitive strategies may be used such as pricing strategies, customer care services, value addition and diversity among other approaches. An organization has to come up with appropriate strategies so as to manage the competitive forces within an industry. By all means, a company will devote all the available resources to create a barrier to any organization

Freedom of Religion in the Bill of Rights Research Paper

Freedom of Religion in the Bill of Rights - Research Paper Example Moreover, the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment prevents the government from making laws that establish any religion as the state religion. This clause ensures the secular nature of the US Constitution. The First Amendment to the US Constitution deals with religious freedom. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances...Amendment 1 (The United States Constitution, 2009). The First Amendment also provides the right of Freedom of expression. These rights cannot be interfered with by the government. Freedom of expression includes the rights of Freedom of speech, press, and assembly. It also includes the freedom to petition the government for a redressal of a grievance. The Supreme Court and the lower courts have interpreted the definition of the freedoms provided by the First Amendment to the Constitution, through their case law. These freedoms and rights apply to all the people who live in the US, and not just its citizens (Citizen Rights). The Establishment Clause precludes the government from enacting legislation that accords any religion the status of the state religion. It also prohibits the government from treating any religion with greater preference than the other religions. This clause has been interpreted by the courts to engender separation of Church and State. The Free Exercise Clause restricts the government from interfering with any individual’s religious practices. All the same, civil and federal laws are permitted to restrict religious acts and ceremonies, wherever warranted (Citizen Rights).

Theory and Practice in Maori Social Work

Theory and Practice in Maori Social Work SOCIAL WORK Integrate Theory and Practice in Social work Task 1 The treaty of Waitaki presents the agreement between Maori and the Crown. The treaty was signed on 6th February 1840 at Waitaki in the Bay of Islands. The Crown signed the treaty with 540 Maori chiefs, and 60 Maori chiefs did not agree about the treaty. The Crown has the right to govern and to develop a British Settlement. There are two texts for Te Tiriti, one in Maori and one in English. The English text is not a direct translation of the Maori text. The existence of two versions that don’t directly translate has caused problems in Aotearoa/NZ as both cede and guaranteed different powers and functions for each party in each of the two versions. Partnership: The principle mentions about the relationship between Maori and the Crown. The Maori and the Crown have good partnership. They have different culture, ethics and languages. They can work together in the community. The Triti there should be Interaction between treaty partners must be based on mutual good faith, cooperation, tolerance, honesty and respect. Social workers also apply the implication of partnership in social services. Protection: Social workers imply protection when they provide services to Maori people. In social work practice, social workers need to provide the protection to clients as their safety and wellbeing. The social worker need to follow the code of rights. Social workers protect clients by avoid the risks. Task 2 Aotearoa New Zealand society The social service needs to make sure gives different needs. The topic specifies about the multi-society. New Zealand is a multi-society country with two primary societies is Maori society and the British society. New Zealand has a wide range of societies. Social service needs to accessible to all ethnicities inside Aotearoa New Zealand. Social workers need to be capable in meeting expectations with all ethnicities, giving services that meet their needs. Te Tiriti o Waitangi The treaty of Waitaki presents the agreement between Maori and the Crown. The treaty was signed on 6th February 1840 at Waitaki in the Bay of Islands. Social service agencies align themselves to the article of Waitaki and the 4 principles contained in the article. The 4 principles are partnership, protection, permission, participation. Social workers must allow and protect Maori Tino Ranatiratanga. Then, social workers must consider culture values, principles and belief. British government initially reluctant to take action, but it will eventually realize that the annexation of the country to protect the Maori. Te Reo, Tikanga and development of Iwi and Maori There are between language and culture the language is embedded in the culture, but also the expression of culture. Social service agencies need to provide appropriate culture supervision and training all social workers provide culturally appropriate and safe practice when working with Maori people. The social services should follow all Maori rights as customs, beliefs and values and Maori language. Social service need to have an integrated approach toward Maori wellbeing. We need to understand about Maori. Gender and sexuality Social workers dont permit having separation to customers. So, in the Human Right Act does not allow victimization individuals on the premise of sex or sexuality. We should first consider the social state of mind and convictions identified with sexual orientation. Sex saturates all parts of Maori life, and particularly in the typical representation Social specialists need to remain an expert situation. They need to give and remain focused judgmental, non-one-sided and non-biased administrations. Human development process through the life span There are eight spans of human development, including the foetal period, infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood. Through the life span, social workers always have some changes as growth, maintenance, regulation, and perception. The changes that occur through life experience and always are considered with culture. Social policy in New Zealand It can help understudies comprehend the contention of qualities and points of view in the definition and execution of arrangements, and with the hypothesis of social arrangement and that they will experience in the field of practice. Social services need to comprehend the social arrangements in New Zealand. They need to see unmistakably the standards and systems by which government looks to influence the improvement of society. That social work practice is affected by any chosen government toward its specific standards. Social administration offices re-adjust to the moving approaches of new chose governments. Aotearoa New Zealand social service The association is considered to represent the interests of New Zealands major institutions of social workers. New Zealand is a multi-culture society. The Aotearoa New Zealand social services are always available to all cultures. Then, social worker should reflect the respect and dignity to all of those who access the services. The organization supports, various forms of contact representatives and advocates for social housing organizations. There are many aspects of the organization of national staff skills in organizational development and health service delivery. Organisation and management in the social services Social work management and administration will find that there is a very good choice for entry-level management works. There are a broad level of social work theory, value and practice in organization and management, so the services provided for public access are of quality and have effect. Organisation and management need to reflect bi-culture polices. Provides a fairly a limited number of links to resources management and materials management of social work in social work. Research methodology in the social services The purpose of social work research is to solve practical problems in social work practice or social policy, the establishment of social work knowledge base. Research methodology in the social services need to be performed with purpose of obtaining factual and non-judgemental evidence. Production of general application to other professions and disciplines can guide social policy and social work practice. The research methodology should reflect the culture, economic, political and any other societal needs of people. The study method in related fields, the findings can be applied to the reference value of social work are included in this entry. Users of the social services There are lots of users of social services in all over the New Zealand. Huge numbers of users are Maori people. Social services help Maori people to provide access to healthcare services, so that they can increase their knowledge to fight with deadly diseases. Social workers need to make sure the safety and confidentially of consumers. All relevant information of clients do not allow for public. Those who are consumers of social service should be informed of their rights and have their rights adhered. Law and social work In social work practice, law and social work is a disciplinary role. Social work and law refers to the practice of social work and the legal system, including statutes, case law, legal institutions AZZASW provides social workers with a range of services including professional development and competency and re-certification. Each social worker needs to understand and follow the law when delivering care. The law will guide for social workers about the boundaries, safety for clients, the knowledge as Privacy Act, Children, Young Persons their families Act. The law should provide physicians with knowledge of their rights and obligations of customers in a wide range of practical understanding of social relations. Personal development Personal development is a section in social work practice. The personal development will improve the social services expert practice. Self-improvement is a deep rooted procedure. This is a path for individuals to evaluate their aptitudes and qualities that their objective in life. There ought to be an incorporated practice. Through the personal development, it may help social services get to be mindful of blind sides in the practice and learning. It can influence to the reliance and self viability of social specialist. Social work ethics Social workers should relate the code of ethics in social work practices. Then, ethics is identified in social work practice as professional role within Aotearoa. Social workers should respect all ethics. Education Social workers should get concerned and try to understand the nature of social diversity and oppression with respect to race, ethnicity, nationality, colour, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, age, marital status, political belief, religion, immigration status, and mental or physical disability. Models of practice, including Iwi and Maori models of practice Maori models of practice are used within social work practice researched and validated to provide best services. Through the development, Maori people have some models of practice of health. For example, Te Whare Tapa Wha health models that mention about 4 factors as physical health, spiritual health, family health and mental health. Critical Reflection achieve this Kaupapa Maori research practice can help us make the subconscious becomes conscious. Working with particular clients groups Maori refers to the act of social work learning or Matauranga Maori is more application to social work. The accomplishment of Maori and exploration extends in 6 parts lodging, social administrations, training, job and preparing, equity, wellbeing. This topic specifies about moral limits. Social specialist hone must reflex moral limits when working with distinctive gathering in light of the fact that they have diverse society. Moral limits incorporate having non judgmental and non one-sided practices. Cross culture practice Resources refer to resources and to provide cultural advice and providing cultural services in response to knowledge networks. The social worker competency should include cross culture. Cross culture practice is the ability of social worker to perceive. Identify culture risks and how to avoid the risks to provide culture safety. Social worker services provide and put policies and procedure in placement to monitor the risks. The ability to practice social work in Aotearoa New Zealand different ethnic and cultural groups, thus requiring social workers. Current issues in social work practice Social worker need to keep themselves inform the present issues in social work practice. There are many good sources of information, current issues and research about social worker practice that is helpful for social worker to develop the knowledge. How social workers can make a difference in New Zealand global issues not generally discussed daily lunch, or a part of the Foreign Office to talk about them smokers and alcohol. Task 3 Situation 1 Law and social worker The social workers have to understand about law in social work practice. The law in social work practice will direct the social worker avoid the risks. Social workers clients understand the role in work placement. Gender and sexuality Mr. X wants to wear female clothes. The social workers do not allow teasing him about the way he wearing. They have to provide a professional behaviour. The Human right Act does not permit discrimination against people on the basis of gender or sexuality. So do not tell him to â€Å"you looks like a woman† because he will be upset. Users of social service I informed of his rights. Social workers need to know about their rights in social work practice. Situation 2 Cross culture practice Mr. Y wants to learn about Maori culture. So social worker needs to teach some Maori language. And Social workers also need to know about Maori culture. It’s also help to social worker develop the knowledge Maori culture. Te Reo, Tikanga and development of Iwi and Maori Social workers need to provide appropriate service Maori values, beliefs. Maori language needs to have right used in social work practice. Always think about Maori culture and avoid the big problem. Models of practice: Mr. Y is provided spiritual health by respecting Maori customs and values, family health. Mr. Y is provided services which merge of Te Whare Tapa Wha health model that mentions about factors as physical health, and mental health. Task 4 Part 1: Part 2: New learning that is what social workers can work experience. New learning can provide the knowledge for social worker. The link between new learning and social work theory and research is to increase new learning to others social work theory and research. Social workers should improve them knowledge and skills social worker theory and research. We can provide the good quality to clients its good experience for social workers. Task 5 Part 1: I learn many things from Agape care. Agape Care is Intellectual disability placement for clients. I have experiences about how to be with intellectual disability clients. It was good for my skills. Now I know some important things for example, I should check about clients profile and policies before I meet with clients. This is because if I know about clients, it can be easy to become good clients and social workers. They have meeting with other social worker and team leader and doctor and family that time I knew that meeting is important for plan. So it’s mean we have to check clients every day. Anyway I should to say for Agape care people. â€Å"Thank you so much for teach me†. I know about Maori culture and little bit Maori language from my clients. It is really help for my future social worker. Part 2: Development for future social work practice I learn about how to be social worker. I theoretical and values learning and practice learning will impact my in terms of personal and professional changes in the way my work in the future. I will keep remember this skill and time. When I time to work with who has intellectual disability I will use all the skills.

Hypertext’s Influence on Authorship :: Internet Authors Writing Essays Cause Effect

Hypertext’s Influence on Authorship The history of writing technologies has resulted in many changes in the way we view writing. One aspect of writing that that has seen a change as a result of writing technology is the notion of who can be a writer. Throughout history there seems to have been a trend writing technologies have followed. Each advancement in writing technology seems to have allowed authorship to a greater amount of people. First the invention of the book allowed for the first authors to record their ideas in a fixed medium. Then the invention of the printing press took the ability to make text from few well-trained bookmakers to anyone who owned a printing press. This led to a dramatic increase in the amount of books being created, resulting in a rapid proliferation of knowledge in the world. Many have theorized the next great revolution in writing technologies will be the Internet. Just like the printing press, the Internet is changing the notion of who can be an author. Today, anyone with Internet access can get his or her ideas on a web page. Posting ones thoughts, ideas, or writing online is in many ways similar to being published: Millions of people have access to posted writings to read, think about, and unlike a published book readers can even respond directly to the author. This new revolution raises a question. If anyone can make a web page and post their writing online for all to see, what happens to the notion of the author? It seems the authority that comes with being a published author is being threatened. Bolter explores this idea in the following passage of his book Writing Space â€Å"Those theorist specifically working on hypertext†¦have succeeded in portraying electronic writing as a medium that questions authority and fixity. For them, electronic writing reforms print by replacing the qualities of authority and fixity with t he flexibility and responsiveness that we have seen in literary hypertext†(165). If an author wished to get his or her writing and ideas out to a mass audience in the past the only way to do this was go through a publishing company. The publishing company would then pick and choose what it thought was worthy of being published.

Bakra Beverages Negotiation Case Essay

The negotiation was fast. BebsiCo gave me a price for a yearly contract of $4 M and I agreed. We agreed to negotiate again next year after seeing the percentage of the target market we have reached. The deal was fair, and created value for me (reputation and possibility to obtain financing). I also noticed them about the availability to distribute in the largest chain-restaurant in the country (low cost for us, high value for them). This was an example of a claiming value negotiation, where both parties tried to achieve an individual gain (the best price) and only the price being discussed. However, it has integrative issues as well, because it is important to build a long-term relationship to keep distributing in the future. My BATNA was bankruptcy, and my reservation point very low, so any deal for me would be good. It was important to try to get a lot of information from the other party before you negotiate the price, because you may find out something. The opening party discussing the price shows a lot. So I tried to give her all the information I had (about my experience, my contacts) and ask her about things such as â€Å"why don ´t you want to work with Kabir† or â€Å"why are you interested in working with us†. Based on our answers, it was clear that we both had the same interest: succeed together. I learned from this negotiation that in claiming value negotiation, there are ways to include creating value issues. We could have negotiated including â€Å"if you do this, then you get that†. I also learned that it is important to know the reference points before you negotiate to get a fair deal. Parties may have assymetric information, but sharing information helps achieving your interest.

Tripping In The Trap essays

Tripping In The Trap essays ...

History of Generations of Computers Essays

History of Generations of Computers Essays History of Generations of Computers Essay History of Generations of Computers Essay The computers that you see and use today hasnt come off by any inventor at one go. Rather it took centuries of rigorous research work to reach the present stage. And scientists are still working hard to make it better and better. But that is a different story. First, let us see when the very idea of computing with a machine or device, as against the conventional manual calculation, was given a shape. Though experiments were going on even earlier, it dates back to the 17th century when the first such successful device came into being. Edmund Gunter, an English mathematician, is credited with its development in 1620. Yet it was too primitive to be recognized even as the forefather of computers. The first mechanical digital calculating machine was built in 1642 by the French scientist-philosopher Blaise Pascal. And since then the ideas and inventions of many mathematicians, scientists, and engineers paved the way for the development of the modern computer in following years. But the world has had to wait for yet another couple of centuries to reach the next milestone in developing a computer. Then it was the English mathematician and inventor Charles Babbage who did the wonder with his works during 1830s. In fact, he was the first to work on a machine that can use and store values of large mathematical tables. The most important thing of this machine is its use in recording electric impulses, coded in the very simple binary system, with the help of only two kinds of symbols. This is quite a big leap closer to the basics on which computers today work. However, there was yet a long way to go. And, compared to present day computers, Babbages machine could be regarded as more of high-speed counting devices. For, they could only work on numbers alone! The Boolean algebra developed in the 19th century removed the numbers-alone limitation for these counting devices. This technique of mathematics, invented by Boole, helped correlate the binary digits with our language. For instance, the values of 0s are related with false statements and 1s with the true ones. British mathematician Alan Turing made further progress with the help of his theory of a computing model. Meanwhile the technological advancements of the 1930s helped much in furthering the advancement of computing devices. But the direct forefathers of present-day computer systems evolved in about 1940s. The Harvard Mark 1 Computer designed by Howard Aiken is the worlds first digital computer which made use of electro-mechanical devices. It was developed jointly by the International Business Machines (IBM) and the Harvard University in 1944. But the real breakthrough was the concept of the stored-program computer. This was when the Hungarian-American mathematician John von Neumann introduced the Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC). The ideathat instructions as well as data should be stored in the computers memory for better resultsmade this device totally different from its counting device type of forerunners. And since then computers have increasingly become faster and more powerful. Still, as against the present days personal computers, they had the simplest form of designs. It was based on a single CPU performing various operations, like, addition, multiplication and so on. And these operations would be performed following an order of instructions, called program, to produce the desired result. This form of design, was followed, with a little change even in the advanced versions of computers developed later. This changed version saw a division of the CPU into memory and arithmetic logical unit (ALU) parts and a separate input and output sections. In fact, the first four generations of computers followed this as their basic form of design. It was basically the type of hardware used that caused the difference over the generation. For instance, the first generation variety was based on vacuum tube technology. This was upgraded with the coming up of the transistors, and printed circuit board technology in the 2nd enerations. It was further upgraded by the coming up of integrated circuit chip technology where the little chips replaced a large number of components. Thus the size of computer was greatly reduced in the 3rd generation, while it become more powerful. But the real marvel came during the 1970s. It was with the introduction of the very large scale integrated technology (VLSI) in the 4th generation. Aided by this technology a tiny microprocessor can store millions of pieces of data. And based on this technology the IBM introduced its famous Personal Computers. Since then IBM itself, and other makers including Apple, Sinclair, and so forth, kept on developing more and more advanced versions of personal computers along with bigger and more powerful ones like Mainframe and Supercomputers for more complicated works. Meanwhile the tinier versions like laptops and even palmtops came up with more advanced technologies over the past couple of decades. But only advancement of technology cannot take the full credit for the amazing advancement of computers over the past few decades. Software, or the inbuilt logic to run the computer the way you like, kept on being developed at an equal pace. The coming of famous software manufacturers like Microsoft, Oracle, Sun have helped pacing up the development. The result of all these painstaking research is to add to our ease in solving complex problems at a lightning speed with a device that is easy to use and operate, called computer. In the beginning A generation refers to the state of improvement in the development of a product. This term is also used in the different advancements of computer technology. With each new generation, the circuitry has gotten smaller and more advanced than the previous generation before it. As a result of the miniaturization, speed, power, and memory of computers has proportionally increased. New discoveries are constantly being developed that affect the way we live, work and play. The First Generation: 1946-1958 (The Vacuum Tube Years) The first generation computers were huge, slow, expensive, and often undependable. In 1946 two Americans, PresperEckert, and John Mauchly built the ENIAC electronic computer which used vacuum tubes instead of the mechanical switches of the Mark I. The ENIAC used thousands of vacuum tubes, which took up a lot of space and gave off a great deal of heat just like light bulbs do. The ENIAC led to other vacuum tube type computers like the EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) and the UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer). The vacuum tube was an extremely important step in the advancement of computers. Vacuum tubes were invented the same time the light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison and worked very similar to light bulbs. Its purpose was to act like an amplifier and a switch. Without any moving parts, vacuum tubes could take very weak signals and make the signal stronger (amplify it). Vacuum tubes could also stop and start the flow of electricity instantly (switch). These two properties made the ENIAC computer possible. The ENIAC gave off so much heat that they had to be cooled by gigantic air conditioners. However even with these huge coolers, vacuum tubes still overheated regularly. It was time for something new. The Second Generation: 1959-1964 (The Era of the Transistor) The transistor computer did not last as long as the vacuum tube computer lasted, but it was no less important in the advancement of computer technology. In 1947 three scientists, John Bardeen, William Shockley, and Walter Brattain working at ATTs Bell Labs invented what would replace the vacuum tube forever. This invention was the transistor which functions like a vacuum tube in that it can be used to relay and switch electronic signals. There were obvious differences between the transitor and the vacuum tube. The transistor was faster, more reliable, smaller, and much cheaper to build than a vacuum tube. One transistor replaced the equivalent of 40 vacuum tubes. These transistors were made of solid material, some of which is silicon, an abundant element (second only to oxygen) found in beach sand and glass. Therefore they were very cheap to produce. Transistors were found to conduct electricity faster and better than vacuum tubes. They were also much smaller and gave off virtually no heat compared to vacuum tubes. Their use marked a new beginning for the computer. Without this invention, space travel in the 1960s would not have been possible. However, a new invention would even further advance our ability to use computers. The Third Generation: 1965-1970 (Integrated Circuits Miniaturizing the Computer) Transistors were a tremendous breakthrough in advancing the computer. However no one could predict that thousands even now millions of transistors (circuits) could be compacted in such a small space. The integrated circuit, or as it is sometimes referred to as semiconductor chip, packs a huge number of transistors onto a single wafer of silicon. Robert Noyce of Fairchild Corporation and Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments independently discovered the amazing attributes of integrated circuits. Placing such large numbers of transistors on a single chip vastly increased the power of a single computer and lowered its cost considerably. Since the invention of integrated circuits, the number of transistors that can be placed on a single chip has doubled every two years, shrinking both the size and cost of computers even further and further enhancing its power. Most electronic devices today use some form of integrated circuits placed on printed circuit boards thin pieces of bakelite or fiberglass that have electrical connections etched onto them sometimes called a mother board. These third generation computers could carry out instructions in billionths of a second. The size of these machines dropped to the size of small file cabinets. Yet, the single biggest advancement in the computer era was yet to be discovered. The Fourth Generation: 1971-Today (The Microprocessor) This generation can be characterized by both the jump to monolithic integrated circuits(millions of transistors put onto one integrated circuit chip) and the invention of the microprocessor (a single chip that could do all the processing of a full-scale computer). By putting millions of transistors onto one single chip more calculation and faster speeds could be reached by computers. Because electricity travels about a foot in a billionth of a second, the smaller the distance the greater the speed of computers. However what really triggered the tremendous growth of computers and its significant impact on our lives is the invention of the microprocessor. Ted Hoff, employed by Intel (Robert Noyces new company) invented a chip the size of a pencil eraser that could do all the computing and logic work of a computer. The microprocessor was made to be used in calculators, not computers. It led, however, to the invention of personal computers, or microcomputers. It wasnt until the 1970s that people began buying computer for personal use. One of the earliest personal computers was the Altair 8800 computer kit. In 1975 you could purchase this kit and put it together to make your own personal computer. In 1977 the Apple IIwas sold to the public and in 1981 IBM entered the PC (personal computer) market. Today we have all heard of Intel and its Pentium ® Processors and now we know how it all got started. The computers of the next generation will have millions upon millions of transistors on one chip and will perform over abillion calculations in a single second. There is no end in sight for the computer movement. BlueCat Linux BlueCat is LynuxWorks distribution of open source Linux, enhanced to meet the requirements of embedded developers. BlueCat includes a royalty-free, open source Linux distribution and is compatible with the LynxOS RTOS, an industry leader in hard, real-time embedded software. With its heritage of reliability, availability, and serviceability, BlueCat has a common source base and development tools for multiple embedded targets. Debian GNU/Linux Debian GNU/Linux is a free distribution of the Linux based operating system. It is maintained and updated through the work of many users who volunteer their time and effort. Along with its large selection of prepackaged software is contains advanced package management tools that allow for easy installation and maintenance on individual systems and workstation clusters. Extensive pre-release testing is done to ensure the highest degree of reliability possible, and a publicly accessible bug tracking system provides an easy way to monitor customer feedback. Gentoo Linux Gentoo Linux is designed for the developer, power user and enthusiast. It incorporates the latest sources and technologies (such as ReiserFS and the Portage system). Hard Hat Linux Hard Hat Linux and the Hard Hat Linux CDK are built from 100% pure Linux components and are maintained and distributed as an open source tool kit. MontaVista ships both source and easy-to-use pre-built binary packages on the same media. Hard Hat Linux includes no hidden proprietary components, and is always completely royalty-free. The MontaVista Software Hard Hat Linux Cross Development Kit (CDK), version1. , targets the broadest array of CPU architectures and board and system-level platforms of any embedded Linux development solution available today. Whether you are building Internet appliances, portable devices,networking equipment, telephony interfaces, or other embedded and pervasive applications, you can count on MontaVista Hard Hat Linux to provide robust Linux kernel ports, device drivers, middleware, and development tools to streamline your development effort. These MontaVista products are available for download at: mvista. com/download/index. html Mandriva Mandriva Linux is a powerful operating system that is available for many platforms: 32 bit processors such as Intel Pentium ®, AMD Athlon ®, PowerPC ®; and 64 bit processors such as Intel Itanium ® and AMD Opteron ®. Mandriva Linux includes many graphical administration assistants wizards that make it intuitive and fun to use while providing all the power and robustness of other Linux systems. Hundreds of included applications make it an ideal solution for both professional and home users. MkLinux MkLinux is an Open Source operating system which consists of an implementation of the Linux operating system hosted on the Mach microkernel. Versions of MkLinux run on the Intel, PA-RISC, and PowerPC architectures. Red Hat Enterprise Linux Red Hat Enterprise Linux is a high-end Linux distribution geared toward businesses with mission-critical needs. Rock Linux ROCK Linux is a modern Linux Distribution with a powerful auto-build process. Its mostly designed for skilled Linux/Unix Administrators. Its available for multiple platforms. ROCK Linux is a small distribution, but its not a mini distribution. It comes with over 200 packages including X11 and the GNOME Desktop but excluding menu driven configuration tools (most professional users prefer configuration files). A reasonably well configured installation of Rock Linux should be useful for any computer user (even beginners). Slackware Linux Slackware Linux is compatible with most Intel PC hardware. Slackware will provide stellar performance on high-end systems, including support for symmetric multi-processing (up to 16 processors), PCI, and special code optimizations for the 486, Pentium, and Pentium Pro and AMD Athlon SUSE Linux SUSE, now a subsidiary of Novell, produces one of the most popular mainstream Linux distrbutions. Yellow Dog Linux Yellow Dog Linux is a distribution for the PowerPC architecture. There are two versions: YDL Champion Server, which is the version designed for internet, intranet, development, and other mission-critical environments that require the most out of their operating system. The second is YDLGone Home, which is the version for the home or small office. TurboLinux TurboLinux provides a suite of high performance Linux productsfor the workstation and server markets. Available in English, Japanese and Chinese, Turbolinux offers Linux solutions geared towards corporate needs as well as the home desktop. TurboLinux also offers a unique clustering solution that allows for the construction of highly available and scalable networks based on low-cost commodity components. TurboLinux currently offers the choice of Gnome, KDE or the TurboDesk GUI and is distributed with powerful desktop applications such as StarOffice and Netscape. Astaro Security Linux Astaro Security Linux is a new firewall solution: It doesstateful inspection packet filtering, content filtering, virus scanning,VPN with IPSec and much more. With the web-based management tool and theability to pull updates over the Internet it it is pretty easy to manage. It is based on a special hardened Linux 2. 4 distribution, most daemonsare running in change-roots and are protected by capabilities. CHAINSAWLINUX Chainsaw Linux is a desktop OS designed for video audio production. It includes programs like Cinelerra, Kino, Blender, Cinepaint, Audacity. It doesnt include server programs like Sendmail and Apache which would tend to weigh it down. Coyote Linux Coyote Linux is designed for use by those wishing to share an Internet connection that is provided via an ethernet connection with other computers that are connected to a local area network (LAN). These types connections include cable modems, DSL lines and leased lines. The primary focus of the Coyote design is to make it as easy as possible toconfigure and use. CRUX CRUX is a Linux distribution geared towared the experienced user in search of a system without a lot of features and packages which he or she might consider unnecessary. The maintainer explains that the philosophy behind this distributon is keep it simple. Devil-Linux Devil-Linux is a mini distribution especially designed for a firewall and promises easy customization. Devil-Linux Boots from CD so there is no need for a harddisk. It supports Intel 486 and higher processors and uses the latest Linux kernel. EnGarde Secure Linux EnGarde is a secure distribution of Linux that implements advanced security techniques. It can be used as a web, DNS, mail, database, e-commerce, and general Internet server. LinuxROM (aka PizzaBox distro) Using KYZOs unique LinuxROM distribution, a PizzaBox Server boots and runs entirely from a bootable Flash ROM giving the server system security, reliability and ease of use not available form hard disk based operating systems. Freesco Freesco is a small (single floppy) distribution of Linux intended to be a replacement for minor models of Cisco routers. It fits on one floopy disk and is designed for users to be able to use old machines (i386) to set up a router. Supports standard Ethernet cards out of the box aLinux Distribution aimed at the desktop user. Comes with all of the major packages (KDE, The GIMP, KOffice) for the end user, as well as the developer (PHP, MySQL) Pocket Linux Pocket Linux is an almost minimal, one floppy Linux system designed to quickly convert a PC workstation into a secure, Linux-based workstation. It supports the use of secure protocols for dial-up or local networking. tomsrtbt This is a small Linux operating system that fits on a single floppy disk Its useful as a root/boot/recovery disk,since it loads itself onto a RAM disk (thus allowing you to remove the floppy once its fully loaded) and comes with tools for checking and repairing most filesystems, including msdos and ext2fs. Trustix Secure Linux Trustix Secure Linux is a project to make a hardened Linux distribution for servers. It features OpenSSL, OpenSSH, Apache w/SSLPHP, Postfix, POP3 and IMAP with SSL support, ProFTP, and ftpd-BSD. ZipHam This mini distribution is made by and for Ham-radio but everybody can use it! GCL- Grey Cat Linux Grey Cat Linux is a minimalist Linux distribution that is compatible and based on Slackware 3. 5/ Basiclinux. It can be installed permanently or it can be loaded every time you need it. Download size is below 2MB. It comes with useful sofware, like a browser and word processor. ASPLinux ASPLinux is 100% RedHat compatible multipurpose GNU/Linux distribution which includes all includes all necessary components for installing high performance Internet/Intranet server or powerful multimedia workstation. The installation program featuring graphical and text modes includes ASPDiskManager an utility which let users edit a hard drive partitions data manually during the installation. It allows copying, moving, and resizing partitions with FAT16, FAT32, NTFS, Ext2, Ext3, XFS and ReiserFS file systems preserving existent data. ASPLinux has also its own graphical easy-to-use boot manager ASPLoader. Comes in Deluxe, Standard and Express editions along with OEM-edition which is distributed with new PCs Alphalinux Alfalinux is a standard portable Slackware on two floppy disks, a real linux that loads himself in RAM. Youll find only standard applications (ex. bash or lynx) and a clear system. ttylinux ttylinux a small Linux system that can run from as little as 2. 88 megabytes of space. It will provide only a text-based interface, but it enables you to dial into the Internet and surf web pages even on a low-end machine. You need to be running Linux already to be able to set this system up. GNU/Linux UTUTO GNU/Linux UTUTO is a distribution thats designed to run from a CD. Its meant for users who want to try Linux or who want to demonstrate Linux to others without having to do the standard partitioning and installation. This is the first distribution to come from Argentina GNU/Linux UTUTO is una distribucion disenada para arancar desde un CD. Esta destinada a aquellos usuarios que quieran probar Linux o para demostrar Linux a otros sin la necesidad de hacer particiones en el disco duro para una instalacion standard. Es la primera distribucion Linux de Argentina. ScrudgeWare Distribution that uses GNU tools almost exclusively. ELKS Project to create a distribution that runs on pre i386 chips (8086, 8088, i286). Targetted at created an embeddable type system. K12LTSP K12LTSP is a terminal server appliance distribution of RedHat Linux. Its aim is to allow students in school to boot from diskless workstations and run the necessary tools to use the Internet plus run a word processor (Abiword), spreadsheet (Gnumeric), image manupulation tools (GIMP) as well as many other applications. VectorLinux A light-weight distribution aimed at desktop users and based on Slackware PA-RISC Linux Linux distribution that runs on machines that use Hewlett Packards PA-RISC processor. floppyfw floppyfw is a static Linux router with firewall-capabilities. It is based on packages from Debian. Gibraltar Gibraltar is a Debian GNU/Linux-based router and firewall package that boots directly from CD-ROM. Comes in commercial and free versions. PKLinux This distribution comes in two versions: Pklinux mini, which will install under Windows. It is aimed at people who want to try Linux out. Pklinux bigi is a standard but scaled down distribution based on Slackware. It is designed to run well with little physical RAM. Small Linux Small Linux is a minimalist distribution with the Linux kernel and file utilities that can boot on older systems like i386s with little physical ram memory. smoothwall Distribution geared toward those who have unused older equipment that they want to convert into firewalls. BasicLinux Tomukas Small Linux distribution featuring mc, joe, ssh and X-window with fvwm1. I can also be booted from an MS-DOS partition. The developer states: It works for me, it may work for you but it may not. JAILBAIT JAILBAIT means JAILBAITs Another Interesting Linux But Also Intimidating Tool. It is based on LEM and aimed toward developing net type appliances. Security-Enhanced Linux Not a distribution per se, SE Linux is a version of the Linux kernel enhanced for security purposes. It is developed by the U. S. governments National Security Agency and Secure Computing Corporation with the contributions of the University of Utah EmbLin Distribution aimed at the embedded developer. It fits on a floppy. Small, but provides Internet conectivity (lynx, mail, telnet) ZipSpeak Based on ZipSlack, ZipSpeak is intended for blind and visually impaired users. Speakup, a screen reader/voice synthesizer program is included in the distribution Linpus Linux Full-featured Chinese Linux distribution offering major packages and desktop enviroments. Offers complete multi-language support. Mastodon Linux Distribution based on an older (3. 0) version of Slackware. Uses libc5 and some applications ported from FreeBSD and OpenBSD ClarkConnect ClarkConnect has taken Red Hat, eliminated some applications, added some security features and connectivity software to create an Internet gateway distribution. ELinOS Distribution aimed at embedded Linux system developers and embedded applications development. Fli4L Fli4l is a single floppy Linux-based ISDN, DSL and Ethernet-Router. It is designed to convert old computers (486s) into productive network machines. Honung Linux Honung Linux resides on two floppies and after bootup it works completely from your RAM. It is made to be used in a router, its based on busybox and its aimed at being a clean system. Dreamcast Linux Distribution Linux distribution that is designed to run on the SEGA Dreamcast. Linspire (description provided by Linspire) Linspire is a full-featured computer operating system designed for desktop and laptop computers. Based on Debian Linux, Linspire provides a powerful, stable, virus-free computing experience, yet is incredibly easy-to-use. Bundled software includes a Microsoft Office file-compatible office suite, a powerful Internet and email suite, complete song and photo programs, media players for viewing animation and videos, and much more. New software is installed and managed with just one-click from Linspires CNR Warehouse, an online library of over 2,000 programs, with the optional Linspire CNR Service. Use Linspire to do things on the Web, create and share documents, work with graphics, play music, organize digital photos, view rich multimedia files and easily connect to networks and peripherals. IPCop Firewall IPCop is a complete Linux distribution that is designed to protect home or corporate networks from attack. It is based on SmoothWall, another security conscious distribution. Keeper Linux Minimalist Linux distribution designed to meet specific application needs. Current applications include the security of internal networks linked to DSL/cable modem and dial-up connections. Others include the administration of remote servers. Keeper boots off 2 floppy disks, with its root filing system in ramdisk, so no hard drive is necessary. Now available is a KLX bootable CDROM. It is designed to work as a secure gateway between networks. Includes: Modular 2. 4. 18 Linux Kernel. Iptables Firewall. Zebra Router, RIP, OSPF, BGP. SSH2 Client and Server (Openssh). PPP Dial-on-demand Internet Gateway. Full featured Rescue Disk Facilities. Standard Syslogd System logging White Glove Linux When you boot your computer from the White Glove CD, it instantly becomes a Linux powerhouse. It comes complete with firewall software, drivers for most Ethernet cards and Disks, a wide range of networking and other amazing tools, and even complete and secure web and DNS servers. It includes an on-CD manual and tutorial, menu-based services from the X11 graphical user interface, and a set of tools that meet or exceed those you are used to today. Its easy to use, easily fits in your shirt pocket, fast to boot and run, reliable, secure, and inexpensive. Yu0-GNU-Linux Distribution that fits on 2 disks (with 3rd as upgrade) and offers: work without hard disks, but it is possible to mount them, ext3 file system included, TEA files encryption and decryption, serbo-croatian menu with many options, upgrade disk gives possibility to use GnuPg as well. graphical login screen, immediate use of serbian cyrillic or latinic letters, immediate use of croatian latinic letters and keyboards, upgrade disk gives possibility to use GnuPg as well. graphical login screen, immediate use of serbian cyrillic or latinic letters, immediate use of croatian latinic letters and keyboards, many HOWTOs and documentation in Serbo-Croatian. Source Mage GNU/Linux This is a source-based distrib ution, where the package source files are downloaded and compiled for your architecture, selected optimizations, and installed libraries. This is a fork of Sorcerer GNU/Linux of when SGL was dropped, and then later reintroduced to become a non-GPL distribution, Sorcerer Linux. (broadband recommended for source downloads). SoL Server optimized Linux SoL is short for Server optimized Linux and is a Linux distribution completely independent from other Linux-distributions. It was built from the original src-packages and is optimized for heavy-duty server work. It contains all common server applications. You need SoL if you want to install Linux-Server and dont want to spend too much time installing the system, gathering and configuring the server-packages and configuring the system to boot and work as you want it to. The revolutionary XML boot- and script-technology makes it easy to configure and make the server work. PLD Linux Distribution PLD is a free distribution that provides a vast selection of over 9000 packages with virtually every program thats available to the Linux community, from servers and programming tools to multimedia and desktop software. Its meant to be developer-friendly, meaning that its easy both to customize PLD to ones own needs and to participate in its constant improvement, visible day by day. KNOPPIX Full-featured Linux distribution that boots from a CD. Includes the latest version of KDE and OpenOffice. Can be used to work from Linux on PCs without actually installing it, so it is ideal for demonstrations of Linux. Based on Debian. Firegate Server A server operating system based on Linux, Firegate Server SMB Edition is the first ever self-managing server OS designed for small and mid-sized businesses. Firegate securely connects offices to the Internet and to each other, protecting valuable electronic information. Office staff can securely surf the web, send and receive email, host the company web site, share files, host a customer database, and more Xandros Xandros is a distribution based of Debian and KDE that seeks to make Linux simpler and easier to use while broaden the scope of day to day activities that users desire. Initially focused on the desktop, Xandros is also developing server technologies. FireCast Software Suite for Kiosks WireSpring Technologies makes FireCast, a Linux-based software suite for building and managing interactive kiosk networks. Designed for use with standard PC hardware and supporting ELO touch screens, FireCast bundles a tamper-resistant kiosk environment, customizable user interface, web browser, and full multimedia support with a plug-and-play Linux operating system. FireCast also includes a complete set of web-based remote management and advertising control tools for scheduling content, monitoring device status, and creating and tracking ad campaigns. The software requires no prior knowledge of Linux, and uses a familiar graphical interface for all administrative functions. O-Net Italian distribution oriented toward networking. (Information at the website in Italian) LinuxInstall. org Designed with Linux novices in mind, this distribution is designed to install automagically. The user does not have to worry about partitioning the hard drive or selecting packages. A set of pre-selected productivity applications are installed (web browser, mail client) and the user is ready to go. Ark Linux The Ark Linux distribution is based on Red Hat Linux and geared toward the newcomer to Linux. The developers claim it can be installed in 4 mouse clicks. TopologiLinux This distribution can be run from any versions of Windows or Dos. Very easy to install and based on latest slackware. Includes X-windows Gnome Kde and many other applications. There is support for both FAT and NTFS filesystems! ARM Linux ARM Linux is a port of Linux to machines running ARM processors. The primary work was done by Russell King with contributions from others. SoL-diag SoL-diag is a diskless Linux operating system designed for rescue and analysis of i686 type computers. The 36MB image contains over 300 programs hich can be used for education on Linux systems. SoL-diag features the current stable Linux kernel with almost all available kernel modules. With SoL-diag, watching DVD, listening to mp3s and burning CD-RWs is possible without installing Linux on your harddrive. Yoper Yoper is a full-featured distribution that is designed to run on high-end CPUs (Pentium II and IV, AMD Athon, Duron and othe r similar chips). The developers have provided for easy install of packages from other major distributions (RPM, DEB, TGZ) Damn Small Linux Damn Small Linux is a business card size (50MB) Live CD Linux distribution. Despite its miniscule size it strives to have a functional and easy to use desktop. Morphix Morphix is a live-cd distribution designed to be run from a CD-ROM drive with no need to partition and install in your hard disk. It comes in three main types, a LightGUI (small footprint) version, a medium version with KDE and a HeavyGUI version that includes both the latest KDE and GNOME along with the OpenOffice suite Puppy Puppy is a tiny distribution but with a full suite of GUI apps and loads entirely into a 48M ramdisk. This means that all applications start in the blink of an eye and respond immediately. Puppy will fit into the small distro category, but is not floppy based. Also fits the live-CD based category, but not limited to that as can install to any storage media. Arch Linux A Linux Distribution optimized for the i686 architecture. Intrinsyc Linux At the Linux kernel, Intrinsyc supports ARM and PowerPC architectures. Both code bases are tightly synchronized with the latest stable branches adopted in the Linux community. The ARM kernel base supports SA1100 and PXA250/255. IBMs PowerPC 405EP embedded processor is a new member in our repository. On top of the Linux kernels, Intrinsyc has its I-Linux distribution file system. The Intrinsyc Linux distribution is based on the Familiar Distribution which was originally designed for use on the HP/Compaq iPAQ PDA, but has proven to be easily adaptable to a wide range of ARM-based hardware. Intrinsyc has also ported the Familiar packages onto its new PowerPC architecture, providing a unique solution not currently offered from anyone else for any device on the market. Familiar Linux is based on package feeds. Once you install the base file system image, users can install additional applications as packages over the network and tailor their own file systems to specific needs. Fedora Fedora Core is RedHats plan to develop a complete, general purpose operating system exclusively from free software. The distribution was created to replace low-end, comsumer versions of RedHat Linux. Impi Linux Linux distribution developed in South Africa. It is aimed at mainstream users. Includes productivity applications for accounting, word processing/spreadsheet, web browsing, email and other office and home user needs. MEPIS Linux Debian based distribution optimized for desktop use. Runs from a live CD and can be installed to a hard disk. Comes with the latest versions of KDE, Mozilla and OpenOffice. Boast easy hardware configuration including WiFi support. Roku OS Custom-developed embedded Linux distribution specifically designed for the Roku high-definition digital media player. It includes the Linux kernel plus Rokus media APIs. It is designed to be developer friendly. DeLi Linux DeLi Linux stands for Desktop Light Linux. Its aimed at taking advantage of older machines (pre-Pentium II). DeLi Linux is based on Slackware Bonzai Linux Bonzai Linux is a distribution designed to fit on a Mini CD. Its based on Debian and offers the latest version of the popular KDE. BU Linux Distribution based on RedHat and developer for students at Boston University CERN Linux CERN Linux is a ramped-up version of RedHat Linux. It is optimized to run clusters more efficiently FREEDUC Live CD distribution developed with the help of UNESCO. It has a fully functional desktop and offers interfaces in a variety of lanaguages. Aurox Linux Aurox is a distribution developed in Poland and aimed at mainstream users. The most recent version is based on Fedora Core. blag blag is a RedHat based distribution. It offers most things that any computer user might need (office suit, multimedia, graphics and more) IDMS Linux Distibution for servers. As the project members point out, there are no GUIs, No X, No fancy s**t Feather Linux Feather Linux is a Knoppix-based distribution which fits in under 64Mb, boots off a CD or USB pendrive, and has a wide range of applications for admin, desktop and rescue use. PCQuest Linux Mainstream Linux distribution based on Red Hats Fedora Core and developed by the magazine PC Quest based in India. The distribution is apparently only obtainable through a subscription to the magazine. ATOS Linux ATOS Mini Server is designed for the use in Intranets and offers a complete all-in-one Serversolution. ATOS Professional Server is designed for the use as an Interface between the Intranet and the WAN (DMZ). SLAX Live CD distribution based on Slackware. Includes the latest version of KDE as the desktop. GoboLinux Innovative distribution that doesnt use the traditional Linux file system hierarchy. Each application gets its own directory system. Insigne GNU/Linux Mainstream Linux distribution based on Red Hat. VLOS Distribution based on Gentoo and aimed at maintream users. Lineox Enterprise Linux Distribution from Finland that contains all freely distributable packages from Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Catix Live CD distribution produced in Catalonia, Spain. Program interfaces and documention are in Catalonian (Catalan). White Box Linux A distribution that aims to be a free version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. StartCom Linux Distribution with four versions all based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The versions are geared toward business data centers, home use, office workstations and software developers. HostGIS Linux Distribution developed especially for handing GIS (Geographic Information Systems) rpath Linux Distribution designed to use the Conary system, a distributed software management system alternatives to RPM and dpkg systems for updates. Quantian Live CD distribution based on Knoppix/Debian. It is geared toward numerical and quantitative analysis Berry Linux Live CD distribution based on Fedora. CCux Linux Distribution aimed at machines with i686 and higher processor. Updates based on RPM and apt. stresslinux Minimalist distribution that can boot from a CD, usb-stic or usb-floppy. Designed to stress-test hardware. Austrumi Small (50mb) live CD distribution based on Slackware. Annvix Distribution that aims to be a hardened version of Mandrake. Zenwalk Minislack Linux is a distribution aimed at developers but also includes the normal list of applications for general desktop use. As the name implies, its based on Slackware Adamantix Security enhanced version of Debian GNU/Linux. QiLinux Mainstream Linux distribution developed in Italy tinysofa Hardened Linux distribution that comes in two versions, classic and enterprise. Bayanihan Linux Mainstream distribution developed by the Advanced Science and Technology Institute of the Philippines CensorNet CensorNet provides users with the ability to filter network content and restrict access. Ubuntu Linux Mainstream distribution based on Debian that includes the latest version of all major software packages. The developers aim to make it accessable in many languages. Asianux Distribution aimed at servers and developed by Red Flag of China and Miracle Linux Cooperation of Japan ASLinux Desktop Distribution from Spain aimed at home users. Based on Debian. BioBrew Linux Linux distribution designed to be run on a cluster and enhanced for bioinformaticists and life scientists. BRaiLleSPEAK Debian-based minimalist distribution designed for sight-impared individuals. RedHawk Linux Real-time Linux distribution designed to be used embedded in devices. neoLinux Distribution designed for small and medium businesses. Developed in Brazil. Danix Live CD distribution based on Knoppix and optimized for Czech and Slovak users. Dappix Danish version of Knoppix DietLinux Floppy or CD based minimalist Linux distribution designed to use small-footprint libraries dyne:bolic Live CD distribution aimed at multimedia developers and designed to run effectively on older hardware. eduKnoppix Live CD distribution created in Italy and optimized for use in Italian schools. As the name indicates, it is based on Knoppix. Fermi Linux Security enhanced distribution based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux GeeXboX Live CD distribution centered around MPlayer and designed to be a multimedia player. Gentoox Distribution based on Gentoo and designed to run on the X-Box PXES Minimalist distribution designed to turn older PCs into diskless thin clients. Hakin9 Live Live CD distribution that comes with security oriented tools Hikarunix Live CD distribution especially designed to play the game of Go. INSERT Live CD distribution designed to be used for disaster recovery for both Linux and Windows (supports NTFS, FAT and MSDOS) systems. Based on Knoppix LinVDR Minimalist Linux distribution aimed at turning a machine with modest hardware into a Video Disk Recorder (VDR) and Personal Video Recorder (PVR) Games Knoppix Version of the live CD distribution Knoppix modified to include a large variety of games. Runs best with 3D optimized video cards. eLux eLux is a version of Linux for embedded systems specifically thin clients. Its designed to provide access to both MS Windows and Linux on remote systems PCLinuxOS Attractive live CD distribution based on Mandrake. It is user-friendly and aimed at the general public. SAM Minimalist but attractive live CD distribution based on Mandrake. The whole system fits in 200 MB GoblinX Live CD distribution based on Slackware. Comes with many of the most popular applications for Linux Santa Fe Linux Santa Fe features automatic hardware detection and configuration. Our distribution was designed to make the best open source software available to the ordinary user. Good for beginners and experts alike, Santa Fes simple interface and graphical installer remove the frustration from Linux Flash Linux Distribution that can run from USB key drive or similiar devices. Based on Gentoo. LVP LVP is a live CD distribution based on ROCK Linux. Its designed to play video on low-power machines. uClinux uClinux is a derivative of Linux 2. 0 kernel intended for microcontrollers without Memory Management Units (MMUs). iPodLinux iPodLinux is a combination of a modified uClinux kernel (for embedded devices) and a simple user interface called Podzilla that can be installed on the Apple iPod and used to control that device. Pie Box Enterprise Linux Pie Box is one of several Red Hat Enterprise Linux clones. It delivers an enterprise-class operating system. DiscoverStation Linux distribution designed to enable one PC to provide up to 10 separate user sessions with each using their own monitor. DiscoverStation features time management and internet content filtering and is ideal for multi-user environments like schools or internet cafes. FoxLinux Distribution based on Fedora Core and developed in Italy. It is aimed at desktop users and features easy installation DARKSTAR Linux A user-friendly desktop Linux distribution from Romania. Has the look and feel of Windows XP. SLYNUX Live CD distribution from India and based on Knoppix OpenLX Linux The OpenLX LINUX Distribution aims to offer an Enterprise-grade LINUX to the widest spectrum of users, right from the individuals wanting a freely download-able/exchangeable one, right up-to the large-Enterprise that needs 24/7/365 support with complete aspects of Installation-Maintenance-Support-Training aspects being taken care of at a single point. Slamd64 Slamd64 is an unofficial port of Slackware Linux to the x86_64 architecture Foresight Linux Forsight Linux is a distribution based around the GNOME desktop. Mono is also featured prominently. The package system is based on Conary. Symphony OS Distribution based on Debian and Knoppix that offers a new kind of desktop experience called the Mezzo Desktop Environment. Kanotix Live CD distribution based on Debian. Emphasis on hardware support. Myah OS Myah OS is a live CD distribution that is designed for ease of use and offers applications aimed at the general public. UMCE Linux UMCE Linux is a custom distribution designed to run servers at the University of Michigan STUX GNU/Linux STUX is a live CD distribution that uses the KDE desktop. It comes with advanced support for multimedia formats. Arudius Arudius is a live CD distribution based on Slackware. It is designed for use for security purposes and so contains many tools for network and software vulnerability analysis. LiMP Linux Multimedia Player or LiMP is a small footprint distribution designed for media format playback. It supports mpeg layer 1, 2 and 3 (mp3), divx, Windows Media, Quicktime, Real Video as well as audio codecs wav, wma and Ogg Vorbis. It can be run as a standard distribution or from Microsoft Windows. Scientific Linux Distribution whose purpose is to create a common install base for scientific experiementation NimbleX Live CD distribution based on Slackware that will also boot from a USB device. Despite its small size, it comes with many mainstream Linux applications. Musix Musix es una distribucion tipo live CD destinado a musicos, tecnicos sonidistas y usuarios en general: una enorme coleccion de programas libres. VideoLinux Live CD distribution that specializes in video tools. Includes applications for DVD backup, video encoding, editing and authoring Sauver Live CD distribution that features three editions: rescue, desktop and laptop. CentOS Enterprise Linux system based on freely available Red Hat sources. Brazil Firewall and Router BrazilFW is a Linux mini-distro, designed for setting up network utility services such as internet connection sharing, firewalling, routing and wireless access points. It is based on Coyote Linux. Pardus General purpose Linux distribution aimed at Turkish users. A live CD version is also available. Openwall GNU/Linux Owl Security-enhanced Linux distribution designed to be mainly a server platform Zeroshell Zeroshell is a live-CD distribution with enhanced security and networking capability. Elive Live CD distribution based on Debian. Features the Enlightenment desktop as its main user interface Freespire Community developed version of the Linspire Linux distribution. There are two versions: One which only includes free software and another which includes legally-licensed, proprietary codecs, drivers and software. X-Evian Live CD distribution from Spain based on Debian and Knoppix Pioneer Linux Mainstream Linux distribution based on Ubuntu. Comes in three versions: one designed for older hardware, one designed for general use and a commercial version that comes with Codeweavers Crossover software for running Windows rograms. Ulteo Mainstream Linux distribution created by Mandrake co-founder Gael Duval. Based on Debian. Icebreaker Distribution produced by rPath and Ingres. It contains a minimal set of tools that are just needed to run the Ingres database BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solutions) Mainstream distribution made specifically for the Indian environment. Its development is sponsored by the National Resourc e Center for Free/Open Source Software myOS Minimalist Linux distribution which is able to run OpenGL/C code without X. 64 Studio Debian-based distribution for digital content creation. Designed for 64 bit processors, though there is a 32 bit port available. blueflops Minimalist distribution that fits on two floppy disks. Despite its lacking a GUI, web browsing in graphical mode can be done via text mode browser links plus svgalib. Parted Magic Live CD distribution designed to be a tool for partitioning hard drives. It contains an extensive collection of tools to handle all types of fileystem. BeaFanatIX Minimalist distribution that is a re-worked version of now defunct BeatriX with more of an Ubuntu flavor. Openfiler Openfiler is a distribution thats specially designed for storage management. It allows you to get a Network Attached Storage (NAS) or Storage Area Network (SAN) server up and running quickly. Granular Linux Distribution oriented toward novices and designed with a modular approach. A live CD version is available. grml Debian-based Live CD distribution designed for system administrators. Includes tools for system analysis and rescue. Sidux Distribution based on the unstable branch of Debian. It is designed to be constantly updated, never needing a major version update. Absolute Lightweight Slackware-based distribution optimised to run on older hardware. Paldo Distribution oriented toward mainstream users that includes its own package management system, Upkg. Its a cross between a source-build (Gentoo) and binary based system. Voyage Linux Stripped down version of Debian optimized to run in embedded systems AntiX Scaled-down version of MEPIS designed to work on older hardware. Desktop can be either Fluxbox or IceWM. Parsix GNU/Linux Live CD distribution based on Debian and KANOTIX and optimized for Persian keyboard layout and fonts. Tuquito GNU/Linux Tuquito GNU/Linux is a distribution developed in Argentina and based on Debian. It features advanced hardware detection Momonga Momonga is a mainstream distribution optimized for Japanese language Galinux Galinux is a distribution based on Slax (which in turn is based on Slackware) and developed for educational use. Development takes place in Galicia (Spain) and it is optimized for the local language Galician (Gallego pure:dyne Live CD distribution that provides a complete and ready made environment for media artists and developers who are looking for a free operating system dedicated to realtime audio and video processing Current versions ?Windows 7, for home and business desktops and portable computers ? Windows 7 Starter A variant for developing countries and netbooks, in which the Aero theme is not included, nor 64-bit compatibility. This edition will be available pre-installed on computers through system integrators or computer manufacturers. ?Windows 7 Home Basic Windows 7 Home Basic will be available in emerging markets such as Brazil, Peoples Republic of China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Thailand. It will not be available in countries such as Australia, Canada, France, Germany, The Netherlands, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, New Zealand, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Some Aero options are excluded along with several new features. ?Windows 7 Home Premium This edition contains features aimed at the home market segment, such as Windows Media Center,Windows Aero and touch-screen controls. ?Windows 7 Professional This edition is targeted toward enthusiasts and small business users. It includes all the features of Windows 7 Home Premium, and adds the ability to participate in a Windows Server domain. Additional features include operating as a Remote Desktop server, location aware printing, Encrypting File System, Presentation Mode and Windows XP Mode. Windows 7 Enterprise (Microsoft Windows NT 6. 1. 7600) This edition targets the enterprise segment of the market and will be sold through volume licensing to companies which have Software Assurance contract with Microsoft. Additional features include support forMultilingual User Interface (MUI) packages, BitLocker Drive Encryption, and UNIX application-support. Not available through retail or OEM channels , this edition will be distributed through Microsoft Software Assurance (SA). As a result it includes several SA-only benefits, including a license allowing the running of multiple virtual machines, and activation via VLK. Windows 7 Ultimate Windows 7 Ultimate contains the same features as Windows 7 Enterprise, but unlike that edition it will be available to home users on an individual license basis. Windows 7 Home Premium and Windows 7 Professional users will be able to upgrade to Windows 7 Ultimate for a fee using Windows Anytime Upgrade if they wish to do so. Unlike Windows Vista Ultimate, the Windows 7 Ultimate edition will not include the Windows Ultimate Extras feature or any exclusive features. (6. 1. 7600) ? Windows Server 2008 R2 for servers. ?Windows Web Server 2008 R2 ?Windows Storage Server 2008 R2 ?Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard Edition Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise Edition ?Windows Server 2008 R2 Datacenter Edition ?Windows Server 2008 R2 for Itanium-based Systems ?Windows HPC Server 2008 R2 for high Performance supercomputers ? Windows Server 2008 R2 Foundation ?Windows Mobile 6. 5 for smartphones and PDAs ?Windows Home Server Announced at the 2007 Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas. Windows Home Server is intended to be a solution for homes with multiple connected PCs to offer file sharing, automated backups, and remote access. ?Windows XP Embedded, for embedded systems requiring parts of the Windows XP infrastructure ? Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs, a low-end version of Windows XP that is intended to be a thin-client that works with older hardware. ?Windows Embedded CE 6. 0, for embedded systems (not based on the Windows NT kernel) Past versions ?Windows Mobile 6. 1 for smartphones and PDAs ?Windows Server 2008 for servers. ?Windows Web Server 2008 ?Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition ?Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition (Microsoft Windows NT 6. 0. 6001 Service Pack 1) ? Windows Server 2008 Datacenter Edition ?Windows Storage Server 2008 ?Windows Small Business Server 2008 (Codenamed Cougar) for small businesses ? Windows Essential Business Server 2008 (Codenamed Centro) for medium-sized businesses[1] ? Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems ?Windows HPC Server 2008 for high Performance supercomputers ? Windows Server Foundation 2008 ?Windows Vista, for home and business desktops and portable computers ? Windows Vista Starter Similar to Windows XP Starter Edition, this edition will be limited to emerging markets such as Colombia, India, Thailand, and Indonesia, mainly to offer a legal alternative to using unauthorized copies. It will not be available in the United States, Canada, Europe, or Australia. Windows Vista Home Basic Similar to Windows XP Home Edition, Home Basic is intended for budget users not requiring advanced media support for home use. The Windows Aero theme with translucent effects will not be included with this edition. ?Windows Vista Home Premium Like Windows XP Media Center Edition, this edition will support more advanced multimedia and entertainment authoring, premiu m games, mobile and tablet PC support, Network Projector, Windows Aero, Touch Screen, and auxiliary display (via Windows Side Show) support. ?Windows Vista Business This edition is aimed at the business market. It includes advanced network and security features, whilst excluding entertainment features. ?Windows Vista Enterprise (Microsoft Windows NT 6. 0. 6000. 0) This edition is aimed at the enterprise segment of the market, and is a superset of the Business edition. Additional features include multilingual user interface support, BitLocker Drive Encryption, and UNIX application support. This edition will not be available through retail or OEM channels ? Windows Vista Ultimate This edition combines all the features of the Home Premium and Enterprise editions, a game performance tweaker (WinSAT), and Ultimate Extras. Windows Server 2003 for servers ?Small Business Server for first server installations (up to 2 processors) ? Web Edition for basic Web serving (up to 2 processors) ?Standard Edition for smaller server applications that dont require clustering (up to 4 processors) ? Enterprise Edition for larger server applications, and clustering (up to 8 processors) ? Datacenter Edition for ma inframe like servers (up to 128 processors) ? Storage Server for Network Attached Storage Devices (5. 2. 3790) ? Windows Mobile 6 for smartphones and PDA ?Windows Mobile 6 Standard for smartphones Windows Mobile 6 Classic for PDA without GSM ?Windows Mobile 6 for PDA with GSM ?Windows XP for desktops and laptops (notebooks) ?Windows XP Starter Edition, for new computer users in developing countries ? Windows XP Home Edition, for home desktops and laptops ?Windows XP Home Edition N, as above, but without a default installation of Windows Media Player, as mandated by an EU ruling ? Windows XP Professional, for business and power users (Version number: NT 5. 1. 2600) ? Windows XP Professional N, as above, but without a default installation of Windows Media Player, as mandated by an EU ruling ? Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, for PCs with x86-64 processors (based on Windows Server 2003) ? Windows XP Tablet PC Edition, for notebooks with a touch screen or a pen-sensitive screen ? Windows XP Media Center Edition for desktops and notebooks with an emphasis on audio, video, and PVR capability. There are four versions: ? Windows XP Media Center Edition ?Windows XP Media Center Edition 2003 ?Windows XP Media Center Edition 2004 ?Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005 ?2001 October 25 Windows XP 64-bit Edition A version of Windows XP roughly analogous to Windows XP Professional for Intels IA-64 (Itanium) line of CPUs.