Business Law and Ethics

Question: Talk about the Business Law and Ethics. Answer: In lawful speech the word carelessness might be characterized as a disappointment by the respondent to work out, legitimate standard of care in a specific conditions, which any judicious individual would have practiced in such comparable conditions (Eades 2015). It is a legal obligation to practice sufficient consideration in the occasion when one can anticipate that neglecting to exercise such mind would almost certainly cause harms or injury. To bring a legitimate activity against the transgressor the abused individual must set up the accompanying basics of carelessness: obligation of care, penetrate of obligation of care, causation and remoteness of the harm (Deakin, Johnston and Markesinis 2012). In the given case, Trevor has been careless as it was his obligation to guarantee the wellbeing of his travelers. He should take the visitors back inside sunshine however he got excessively engaged with his work to bring back the sightseers securely. He has submitted a penetrate of his obligation to fare thee well. Be that as it may, Anna was similarly carelessness in her activities. In spite of monitoring the principles and guidelines, she didn't tail them. In such conditions, Anna may bring legitimate activity against Trevor for his demonstration of carelessness; Trevor may apply the rule of contributory carelessness with all due respect against such activity. The basic components of Torts of Negligence are specified as underneath: First Element: Duty of care Obligation of care is the duty of one individual towards another not to exact injury to that individual. In law of tort when one individual acts carelessly or carelessly which thus makes injury someone else, the individual causing such injury is at risk to pay harms to the bothered individual (Mendelson 2014). This fundamental component has been entrenched on account of Donoghue v. Stevenson [1932] AC 562. The Civil Liability Act 2002 gives arrangements in the segment 5B and 5C of the Act. This milestone case has set up the neighbor test. The rule that one should adore its neighbor and that one must not do any harm or harm its neighbor was put to address for this situation. The court clarified that an individual owes an obligation to practice sensible consideration to turn away exclusions or acts bombing which, the individual can sensibly envision that such demonstration or oversight would almost certainly make harm his neighbor. Issue Performed Trevor owe a responsibility of care towards Anna? Law It is a settled law that so as to prevail in a legitimate suit brought against the litigant for a demonstration of carelessness, the offended party must demonstrate that the respondent owed to the offended party an obligation of practicing standard of care to keep away from any injury caused to the offended party because of the demonstrations of the litigant. In Caparo Industries PIc V Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605 it was held that there must exist a relationship perceived by law as neighbor between the gathering owing obligation of care and the gathering to whom the obligation is owed. Application In the current situation, Anna was one of the sightseers who went to one of Trevors strolls. Here, since Trevor was the visitor control, it was his duty that he keeps up all the wellbeing guidelines and ensure that the vacationers adhere to the security runs also. The neighbor and the caparo test will be applied to guarantee that one must exercise care towards its neighbor. End It is set up that there existed a relationship of neighbor among Trevor and Anna and he owed an obligation to practice standard of care to guarantee the wellbeing of Anna. Second Element: Breach of Duty of Care An individual is said to have submitted a break of obligation of care if that individual neglects to practice the obligation of care he owed to the oppressed individual. An individual is by and by held at risk if there should be an occurrence of break if such penetrate makes injury the distressed individual. The court watched the target test in Bolton v. Stone[1951] AC 850, [1951] 1 All ER 1078 to decide if there was a break of obligation of care. The court clarified that the respondent will be held at risk on the off chance that he neglects to practice sensible consideration which any sensible individual would practice in comparable conditions. On the off chance that a judicious individual neglects to anticipate unfavorable outcomes of his activity, at that point the respondent will not be viewed as careless in taking wellbeing measures (Giliker 2014). Issue Did Trevor submit a penetrate of his obligation of care? Law On the off chance that the litigant neglects to practice the standard of sensible consideration towards the offended party which any reasonable individual would practice in similar conditions, the respondent is said to have submitted a penetrate of his obligation of care (Little et al. 2014). The litigant must play it safe to maintain a strategic distance from any hindering results, he could anticipate that is probably going to make harms or injury the offended party (Guay III and Cummins 2013). Application Trevor himself requested that all the voyagers put on reasonable garments and shoes for the strolls and that he would direct, the stroll during daytime as there had been occurrences of customer wounds in the past during the evening time strolls. He neglected to see that Anna was wearing unseemly attire, shoes was conveying drinks. Also, he engaged with his work for a really long time and returned after dusk realizing it was undependable to stroll amidst the backwoods in obscurity. Trevor was could anticipate the likelihood of hazard that could result if the walk was directed in obscurity. He neglected to practice the standard of care he owed to Anna and the voyagers. Any sensible individual would have practiced the standard of care in such a circumstance. End Trevor has submitted the break of his obligation of care he owed to Anna. Third Element: Causation The offended party must build up the way that the harms endured by him were the result of the respondents activities. In Barnett V Chelsea Kensington Hospital [1969] 1 QB 428, the court acquainted the yet for test with decide whether the harm caused was a result of the litigants break of obligation of care. The test means that however for the activity of the litigant, would the offended party endured wounds? On the off chance that the appropriate response is truly, at that point the respondent is absolved , assuming no, at that point he is held obligated. Issue Is Trevor at risk for the individual injury caused to Anna? Law On the off chance that the offended party demonstrates that the harm endured by him is an aftereffect of the litigants penetrate of his obligation of care, at that point the court will verify that if the respondent had not submitted a break, would the offended party despite everything endure such harms (Giliker 2014). On the off chance that it is along these lines, at that point the litigant is held subject for the harms caused to the offended party and in the event that it isn't in this way, at that point he will be absolved from such risk (Goudkamp and Ihuoma 2016). Application For this situation, had Trevor seen that Anna was not wearing appropriate attire and legitimate shoes; she would not have experienced the injury so caused. End Had Trevor been increasingly careful and returned during Anna would not have worn heels and supported knee injury. Fourth Element: Remoteness of harms The offended party must build up that the harm caused to him by the litigant because of break isn't remote. The court applied the test in the Wagon Mound no 1 [1961] AC 388 that on the off chance that the harm caused was predictable, at that point the litigant will be at risk for it. On the off chance that the harm isn't unsurprising, at that point he will be excluded from the liabilities. Issue Is the harm caused to Anna remote? Law In the event that the harm caused is predictable, at that point the respondent will be held obligated for the harm brought about by his penetrate of obligation of care. The harm caused must not be remote. It must be the quick outcome of the respondents activity (Iacobucci and Trebilcock 2016). Application Anna supported knee wounds as she was wearing heels. On the off chance that Trevor were progressively wary, he would not have let her convey heels. Trevor realized wearing heels would bring about injury in the woodland. End The injury endured by Anna was not remote and that Trevor knew and could foresee the hazard wearing heels would add up to in the woods. Safeguards The precept of Contributory Negligence goes about as a barrier to the litigant in the law of Negligence. This regulation empowers the litigant to shield himself on the ground that the offended party is similarly liable for the misfortunes endured and the wounds continued by the offended party (VanDerhei 2014). The idea of this precept has been set down under segment 5R-5 T of the Civil risk Act. The offended party might be kept from recouping harms from the respondent for the wounds continued (Keating 2015). In the current situation, Trevor has submitted a break of the obligation of care towards Anna as he neglected to see that Anna was not wearing reasonable garments and shoes as was told to wear. Anna was likewise liable for the injury continued as she conveyed drinks. In spite of the fact that Trevor will not be completely absolved yet the measure of harms will be loose somewhat according to the prudence of the court as expressed on account of Stapley v Gypsum Mines[1953] AC 663. Cures Anna might be qualified for harms for the wounds continued for the break submitted by Trevor under area 51 of the Civil Liability Act 2002. In spite of the fact that, Anna has submitted contributory carelessness by not wearing the educated apparel and conveying drinks during the walk, Trevor will not be completely excluded from the liabilities. References: Barnett V Chelsea Kensington Hospital [1969] 1 QB 428 Bolton v. Stone[1951] AC 850, [1951] 1 All ER 1078 Caparo Industries PIc V Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605 Deakin, S. F., Johnston, A., Markesinis, B. S. (2012).Markesinis and Deakin's tort law. Oxford University Press. Donoghue v. Stevenson [1932] AC 562 Eades, R. W. (2015).Torts Involving Personal Property(Vol. 1). Jury Instructions on Damages in Tort Actions. Giliker, P., 2014. Tort Law and the Legislature: Common Law, Statute and the Dynamics of Legal Change. Goudkamp, J., Ihuoma, M. (2016). A Tour of the Tort of Negligence. Guay III, G. E., Cummins, R. (2013).Tort Law for Paralegals. Pearson Higher Ed. Iacobucci, E. M., Trebilcock, M. J. (2016). An eco

Test#1, Part #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Test#1, Part #2 - Essay Example He questioned the vast majority moral standard †that is to â€Å"never† take ones property, not disapproving of much about giving their overabundance assets or riches to the starvation casualties. He needed to spread the â€Å"news† that its an ethical standard to help and spare â€Å"anyone† inside your ability. On the off chance that one has a lot of cash, he can along these lines help someone whos stomach is starving. What about Garrett Hardins cure? Its all the more persuading and pragmatic from multiple points of view. Since we as a whole offer life on this planet, no single individual or foundation has the privilege to devastate, waste, or utilize in excess of a decent amount of its assets. He obviously clarified the morals of a spaceship with those of a raft. He unmistakably delineated the arrangement of the lodge where nobody assume responsibility for the significant assets that should have been protected for some huge reasons. One needs to spare, on e needs to ensure, and one needs to take control so as to safeguard space for life later on. A raft, for example, is restricted in limit. Few would endure or, more than likely every one of them will kick the bucket. Going to Jonathan Swifts unassuming proposition †for forestalling the offspring of destitute individuals (in Ireland), from being a weight to their folks, or nation, and for making them helpful for the open †their mom will nurture them, make them fat, and sell them as a nutritious nourishments for the rich men. So as opposed to giving extra uses, they will go to be a salary to their families, opportunity would in the end arrive that there is no more hobo, or lady in cloth along the road that asks for food. Let me mention to you what I fathomed: giving decent amount to the starvation casualties, for instance in Bengal outcasts cannot support them, since its outlandish for us all to demonstration by heart. It was then appeared by the sum really contributed that time by more extravagant countries. On the off chance that we will discuss the ethical standard proposed by Singer, all of

Pragmatic Ways To Prevent Road Crashes

Driving might be the most perilous action with which we are included. Government evaluated the demise of 4,000 individuals and injury of 5000 for each annum however as per investigation of WHO in 2009 the yearly passing is more than 20,000. Around the world, the quantity of individuals murdered in street car crash every year is assessed at just about 1. 2 million, while the number harmed could be as high as 50 million. Street traffic wounds establish a significant general wellbeing and advancement emergency, and are anticipated to build complex gradually.With the quantity of vehicles quickly ascending in creating nations, street mishap is rapidly exacerbating in low and center salary nations and is en route to turning into the third driving reason for death and incapacities as pandemic constantly 2020 (WHO 2000) after two lethal illnesses Ischaemic coronary illness and Unipolar significant gloom. The all out number of street traffic passings worldwide and wounds is gauge to ascend by some 65% somewhere in the range of 2000 and 2020, and in least created and creating nations passings are relied upon to increment by as much as 80%.Another insights uncovered that Bangladesh has one of the most elevated casualty rates universally in street mishaps, more than 100 passings for each 10,000 engine vehicles. Some US government offices crusade in 1997, empowering the expulsion of the word â€Å"accident† from the traffic the executives jargon and proposed supplanting it with the word â€Å"crash. † Because â€Å"Motor vehicle accidents and wounds are unsurprising, preventable occasions. Proceeded with utilization of the word â€Å"accident† advances the idea that these occasions are outside of human impact or control. Indeed, they are unsurprising consequences of explicit actions†.â€Å"We can recognize their causes and make a move to stay away from them. These are not ’acts of God,’ however unsurprising consequences of the laws of physics†. The profiles of lethal street mishaps or squash are, †deadly mishaps essentially happen on national expressways; overwhelmingly include vehicles hitting walkers. The most noteworthy number of lethal mishaps by a wide margin include overwhelming vehicles like transports, minibusses and Trucks). The most noteworthy number of fatalities per mishap happens when vehicles impact head on and slaughtered transcendently youthful persons.The reasons for Road mishap are distinguished from the examinations are 1.â reckless driving; 2. over-speeding; 3. over-stacking; 4. vehicular deformities; 5. absence of information and awareness of the street clients; 6. unsafe streets and street conditions; 7. absence of preparing to the drivers; 8. absence of preparing of upkeep of vehicles; 9. poor execution of Traffic rules and guidelines; 10. driving under impact of liquor, drugs and so forth ; 11. Non utilization of head protectors, safety belts and so on ; 12. stroll on the s treets as opposed to utilizing the trail; 13. go across the street without utilizing the foot over extension; 14. drive the vehicles by aides rather than Drivers; 15.â illegal rivalry to overwhelm the vehicle. Studies indicated that human social factors aggregately speak to the fundamental driver of three out of five street car accidents, and add to the reason in most remaining cases.Here significance ought to be given on human conduct from both vehicle administrators and clients angles. Strikingly, in all cases individuals use to accuse anybody of members in the occurrence. Drivers could be appraised as either ‘to blame’, ‘at least somewhat to blame’, or ‘not to blame’ in some random mishap. Be that as it may, there were additionally numerous different reasons of mishap likeâ -unexpected mechanical disappointment and so forth. Bangladesh has absence of approach detailing and need powerful vehicle checking authority and authorization forces.D ue to absence of vehicle observing and ordinary vehicle support perilous vehicles run on the streets. Other than poor requirements of traffic and expressway guidelines and absence of solidarity of authorization specialists are significantly â€Å"promoting† auto collisions. Different research discoveries have introduced solid proof of a relationship between traffic conditions and crash likelihood. For instance, vehicle speed has been related with crashes in various studies.The changeability in speed and vehicle thickness improves the probability of an accident increments. A higher accident recurrence was seen during the pinnacle time frame and, irrationally, with typical climate conditions. The best choice to lessen crashes and their symptoms has as of late incited look into for proactive methodologies so as to evade crash event in any case. One of the most encouraging choices increasing wide acknowledgment as of late is the idea of distinguishing crash-inclined traffic condi tions and cautioning drivers when the probability of an accident is high so as to expand their mindfulness, consequently diminishing the quantity of crashes.The study and proof proposes that when driver mindfulness builds, crashes decrease regardless of poor driving and ecological conditions. The measures suggested all through the world are: 1. dodge crazy driving, over speeding and over stacking, 2. deficient vehicles can not be inferred; 2. give satisfactory preparing to drivers and people on foot; 3. streets ought to be appropriately developed and looked after; 4. solid usage of traffic rules and guidelines; 5. people on foot need to utilize the pathway as opposed to strolling out and about; 6. safe driving without having liquor, drugs and so forth should be guaranteed; 7.Use foot over scaffold or zebra going across while passing the street;. 8. Use protective caps, safety belts, and so on ; 9. 100% focus is required while driving the Vehicle and so forth and 10. Huge mindfulness crusades for open consciousness of the street security. The mindfulness and preparing of all members can decrease street smash to a critical numbers. It is conceivable through training of walkers, especially kids, ladies, matured on safe practices when close to the street. The training of drivers, especially substantial vehicle drivers, about street rules and safe driving practices is an unquestionable requirement for a nation like Bangladesh.The implementation of laws is poor in our nation. An expanded implementation of Regulations in regards to dangerous vehicle condition and others are request of the day. The expanded requirement of law and guidelines with respect to foolish or hazardous driving is an absolute necessity for Bangladesh. One the other hand, justification of improper exercises on, contiguous or close to the street is crying need of the time. Streets and roadways are use for Bazar, leaving, go across street passing and utilization of thruways by moderate moving vehi cles makes danger of mishaps. There must be arrangement of office where fitting for clashing street uses.Improvements of thin and decayed extensions, ducts and paths in the roadways are an unquestionable requirement. The fitting arrangement of street signs and asphalt markings all through the system, and evacuation of any hindrance to the situation and compelling vehicle guideline is fundamental for all streets of the nation. The street frameworks need security review and wellbeing cognizant arranging of new street might be taken right away. A little changes or enhancements in street design and utilization of roundabouts and medications of roadway shoulders can improve street effectiveness. The Intersection structures of flaring, channelization, traffic islands etc.â may be joined and arrangement for and enlargement of satisfactory person on foot facilities.Treatments of side of the road dangers lie trees, trench, other fixed items like electric pools, Gas meter/stations ought to b e very much intended to keep away from block out and about. There might be arrangement of uncommon offices for non-mechanized vehicles and assigned truck/transport paths and establishment of depiction gadgets (path markings, direct posts, chevrons) to encourage and control traffic developments. Control gadget for over speeding and risky unfortunate overwhelming including traffic quieting measures.Compulsory head protector use for motorcyclists and successful implementation of laws and assents against liquor hindered drivers and necessary utilization of safety belts by engine vehicle administrators and vehicle inhabitants including kid ought to be viably authorized. Bangladesh has a tolerably composed Motor Vehicle Ordinance 1983 accommodating non-bailable detainment and the death penalty for careless driving and quiet killings on the streets. Such law isn't just for discipline of guilty party drivers however it ought to be an administrative law for giving safe street yet sadly the l aw is seen for discipline of drivers.Currently drivers are attempted under Sections 304 (A), 304 (B) and 279, all bailable. While one can be given five years under the principal area, the guilty parties can be granted the most elevated three years’ prison in the staying two areas. The common society and a few associations crusading for safe street if certainty likewise requesting alteration of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) and the Penal Code just as Motor vehicle Act to punish the rash drivers of engine vehicles to guarantee street wellbeing in the nation and to upgrade the street squash as offense for the death penalty without considering other central point of street crush.The proposed correction to the segment 304 (A) says, â€Å"Whoever causes the demise of any individual by doing any imprudent or careless act not adding up to guilty manslaughter will be rebuffed with detainment of either depiction for a term which may stretch out to five years to 10 years with fine or both. † â€Å"Whoever causes the passing of any individual, by rash or careless driving of any vehicle or riding on any open way, not adding up to at fault murder will be rebuffed with detainment of either portrayal for a term which may reach out to two years to seven years with fine or both,† as indicated by the proposed altered area of 304 (B) of the corrective code.The proposed alteration to the segment 338 (A) says, â€Å"Whoever makes appalling injury any individual by driving any vehicle or riding on any open way so thoughtlessly or carelessly as to imperil human life or the individual

Local Literature Essay

Character is the whole of one’s individual attributes. It is one’s character. The instructors, more than some other expert are immediately exposed to investigation to the minutest detail and perception by those they partner with. Instructors are made a decision about more carefully than different experts. The character they anticipate decided the impressions they make upon students’ and associates. Their balance, bearing and way of dressing make a shocking and appealing appearance. Their outward appearance conveys a cordial and agreeable air. Characters might be depicted as legitimate, powerless, dynamic, or â€Å"magnetic†. Teachers’ character must be characteristic and certifiable, that is, without falsifications and imitation. They should be predictable, valid and credible. (Corpuz and Salandanan, 2006 p.12) In the profoundly mind boggling universe of human relations, it is fundamental that the upright educators be concerned with how students’ connect with her as well as how they associate with their companions and with different grown-ups. Be that as it may, concern isn't sufficient. Little can be cultivated until students’ issues relating to human relations have been recognized. (Salandanan, 2010 p.18) When the educators is increasingly mindful with the social connections among her students’ she is in the better situation to choose a method for showing human relations. Toward this end, the instructor should initially recognize students’ issues relating to human relations. The ID such issue gives the instructor a reason for thinking about what methods for improving human relations she may utilize. (â€Å"Teaching strategies for improving human relations†, p.459 n.d) No single factor can contribute more to an improved understudy accomplishment than the assurance of a quality instructor in each homeroom. No measure of study hall offices and instructional materials can delivered the ideal learning result without an instructor at the middle stage. Quality is equivalent to fitness, innovativeness and duty, contextualized in the educating calling. Ability features a teacher’s sufficient information, capable aptitudes and dependability. Inventiveness is a family to originality,â flexibility and ingenuity. Advantageous estimations of sympathy and duty give the fine fixings that make instructing genuinely accommodating and advanced with an earnest sentiment of responsibility. Quality teachers’ can be found in our schools today. Satisfactorily arranged through quality pre-administration programs and constantly persuaded to develop while in the administration, their ability to educate is guaranteed. The mentalities and qualities that they anticipate all through the homerooms, in the home and network, give emphatically and sufficiently the response to the perpetual quest for quality educators. As paragons of excellencies and dynamic perspectives, they genuinely merit the precious rewards, acknowledgment and copying of the entire country. With full pride and certainty, each parent and network can lay upon their chests the development and nurturance of their children and girls for a promising future. (â€Å"Quality teacher†, p.7-11 n.d) The educator legitimately has the right to be enthroned at the inside phase of any instructive undertaking. She is the unmistakable beam of light that brightens the brain contacts the heart and floats overhead the soul of the youthful. Each exertion, activity or undertaking planned to instructing the youthful needs an enchantment hand to give the genuinely necessary bearing, direction and vitality all through the instructive excursion. Accepting various jobs that a pioneer, instructor, right hand and instructional director, there is no assignment that requests all the more waking hours, quality and consideration than the educating learning scene. Capable educators produce skillful understudies. The craving to develop and find out increasingly more is essential to the advancement of a remarkable capability and ability required in the educating calling. As a finishing up articulation, a conclusive instructor character is an image of one who has remarkable mental, individual and social attributes. Has a solid inclination and enthusiasm for showing the youthful, steep in beneficial qualities and perspectives and skilled in both substance and instructing systems. The instructor with a complete character will undoubtedly arrive at the brains and contact the hearts of the youthful. (Aquino, 2008 p. 35-38) Travis W. Twiford, Chair Mary E. Yakimowski-Srebnick Steven M. Janosik Louis O. Tonelson Stephen Parson (2012) â€Å"The Influence of Teaching Methods on Student Achievement on Virginia’s End of Course Standards of Learning Test for Algebra I† Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Virginia Beach, Virginia. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/proposals/accessible/etd-10062002-202857/unhindered/HAASDISSERTATION.PDF SYED SHAFQAT ALI SHAH (2009) IMPACT OF TEACHER’S Behavior ON THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. College Institute of Education and Research. Rawalpindi, Pakistan. http://prr.hec.gov.pk/Thesis/293S.pdf Amy C. Thomason (2011) TEACHER PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL CHARACTERISTICS: CONTRIBUTIONS TO EMOTIONAL SUPPORT AND BEHAVIOR GUIDANCE IN EARLY CHILDHOOD CLASSROOMS. The University of North Carolina at Greensboro. North Carolina. http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/Thomason_uncg_0154D_10586.pdf Chang, Ya-Ching, â€Å"Students’ Perception s of Teaching Styles and Use of Learning Strategies. † Master’s Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2010. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/782 Sylvie Marguerite Raymond (2008).Effective and Ineffective University Teaching from the Students’ and Faculty’s Perspectives: Matched or Mismatched Expectations. College of Exeter. Specialist of Education. https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/archive/bitstream/handle/10036/40767/RaymondS.pdf?sequence=1 Jeffrey Sprenger (n.d).STRESS AND COPING BEHAVIORS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS. Wellbeing Education and Promotion. http://thescholarship.ecu.edu/bitstream/handle/10342/3548/Sprenger_ecu_0600M_10405.pdf?sequence=1 UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS Abejuela R., almeniana C., Caballero J., Gomez N., Salles M. (2007). Showing Beliefs and Teaching Intentions of Daycare Teachers. School of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Acuã ±a L., Gadia M., Gaspar R., Rodrigo J., (2008). Scholarly accomplishment of chose training understudies engaged with extracurricular exercises. School of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Aguilar A., Basibas K., Castillo R., Cruz M., Pontiyon An., et al (2007).Non-intellective variables influencing the Academic Performance of Freshman High School Students in Mathematics at Sta. Lucia High School.School year 2006-2007.College of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Balle M., Feraaro L., Guinto J., Palaming I., Umali C. (2011).Level of Social Skills and Academic Achievement of Selected Grade II Pupil. School of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Banzuela R., Pumas M., Peckson W. (2006).Self-Conceptand Academic Performance in Mathematics of Selected Pinagbuhatan High School Freshmen.College of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Barreno C., Casuga M., Intalan P., Ocampo D., (2007).Motivation on Teaching among First Year Bachelor of Elementary Education Students. School of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Bartolome J., Borlagdatan M., Cinco A. what's more, Tumonog L., (2013).Teaching Strategies of Secondary Mathematics Teachers in Elementary Algebra and its Relation in the Performance of the Students.College of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Benito G., De leon M., Baga R., (2004).Teachers spirit and work inspiration at Pasig Central Elementary School Pasig City.College of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Caliã ±go J., Laguitan L., Nagales M. what's more, Tingson S., (2006). â€Å"The Relationship between the Self-Esteem and Achievement Motivation of chose College Freshmen. School of training, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Castillo A., Santos K., Beltran L., Dueã ±as J., Ibardo I. (2006).â€Å"The connection between Students Learning Styles and their Expectation of Relationship with Faculty.College of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Conise C., Rivera M., Vinarao M. (2008). Mentality Towards Teaching Profession also, Level of Pedagogical Knowledge among Third year and Fourth year Education Students. School of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Cruz L., Ruiz An., Umali M., (2012). Self-saw trouble and desire for peer instructor and guardians to the presentation of third year geometry students.College of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Cruz P., Hernando M., Jimenez S. (2008). â€Å"Perception on English Teacher Quality and Use of Instructional Media among third year understudies of three auxiliary schools.College of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Dayandante G., Echual M., Gavileã ±o J., Mangalus S., Telmo M., (2008). Observation on the Quality of Tests Administered to chose Freshmen Students. School of Education, PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. De Guzman J., Facistol R., Lorenzo A., Pascua J., Pelisigas R., et al (2009). Relationship of Achievement and Attitude Motivation‚ Anxiety and Aptitude in Mathematics.College of Education‚ PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. De Leon T.‚ Delmindo K.‚ Ebot M.‚ Maã ±oso E.‚ Otayco J. (2007).â€Å"The Relationship between Trust in and Respect for Teachers and Student self-rule and Influence in the Classroom†.College of Education‚ PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Laurente J.‚ Lumbao J.‚ Meã ±oza R.‚ Miguel K.‚ Nicolas L.‚ et al (2010). Relationship of Teacher’s Profile‚ Instructional Materials and Instructional Methods utilized Teachers Teaching Styles and Mean Score in the National Achievement Test of Napico Elementary School. School of Education‚ PamantasanngLungsodng Pasig. Molar V., (2010).Teachers’ Personality and Pupil

EFFECT OF MINERAL ADMIXTURES ON CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS - 275 Words

EFFECT OF MINERAL ADMIXTURES ON CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS (Research Paper Sample) Content: Name Instructor Course Date Effect of Mineral Admixtures on Microstructure of Cementitious Systems 1.0 Introduction Admixtures are included in the concrete to help improve the concrete quality. Some of the notable mineral admixtures include the fly ash (FA), the granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), the silica fume (SF), metakaolin (MK) and the rice husk ash (RHA). These minerals establish different characteristics that influence the concrete property. The notable advantage of the mineral admixtures is the hardening features exhibited in concrete materials. On the other hand, it is also true that these mineral admixtures can influence the quality nature of wet concrete between the mixing and hardening time. This occurs in one of the following ways; affecting the demand for water, hydration heat, reactivity, setting time and bleeding (Setzer, Rainer Auberg, and Keck 213). Literally, literature that summarizes mineral admixtures influence on the microstructure of cementitious systems. Further, the impact of the mineral admixtures on durability and mechanical properties of concrete is an important po int of focus. Besides, the effect of mineral admixtures on concrete properties is vital since the presence of these properties affects the mechanical and durability qualities of concrete (Bartos 126). There are a variety of comparative studies have been undertaken, primarily the effect of blast furnace fly ash and slag when hydrating the fresh cement pastes, impact of the silica fume (SF), the metakaolin (MK), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and fly ash during the setting of the high-strength concrete. The aim of this paper is to examine the effect that mineral admixtures have on the microstructure of cementitious systems (Bartos 135). At the same time, the paper makes a distinctive comparative assessment of the mineral admixtures on the hydration heat, water demand, bleeding, setting time and the concrete reactivity. Additionally, the effect of chemical and physical characteristics of silica fume (SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), fly ash (FA), the rice husk ash (RHA) and metakaolin (MK) on the microstructure of cementitious systems (Bartos 201). In this case, therefore, examining C à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" S à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" H (Calcium Silicate Hydrate) will be the critical point of examination in this paper. 2.0 Background Coal FA (fuel ash) was first used in concretes in the year 1934. Afterward, based on different research work that was made during the 1950s, several dams were constructed in the United Kingdom by utilizing FA as the partial cementitious material. From this period, these structures have since been exhibiting outstanding conditions (Brebbia and Klemm 233). Pulverized à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"fuel ash (PFA) or FA obtained from coal materials is a pazzolan that emanates in a low-permeable and durable concrete (Setzer, Rainer Auberg, and Keck 219). This type of concrete can withstand ingress of the deleterious chemical components. Initially, the pazzolan was identified as the controller of the damaging alkali à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" silica reactions (the ASR) during the year 1949 (Barbero 198). The presence of alkali in the FA concrete is often higher than the cementitious materials lacking the FA (Barbero 206). Hence, this confirms that the presence of FA is important as it protects cementitious mat erials from ASR effects. Therefore, utilization of FA in concretes has been investigated for a long period and each time, good conditions of the material have been reported. The ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) was first discovered in 1862, and commercial productions started later on in 1865 (Bentur, Arnon, and Kovler 278). The concrete forms that contain GGBS have been identified in a variety of pieces of literature as the slag concrete. This material is being successfully used in different countries as it has many benefits. The SF materials were first obtained during the filtration of exhaust gases from the furnaces in the form of fumes. A great portion of fumes was made up of the fine form of powder with a high silicon dioxide percentage (Brebbia and Klemm 238). Since then, gas filtration has been done on a large scale and during 1976, the first standard of NS 3050 was recommended for use in the factories producing cement. SF is hence, one of the high-quality material used in concrete and cement industry (Kringos 322). Notably, it is stated that adding 8 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 10% by the weight SF in the concrete material; the resulting effect will range between 50, 000 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 100,000 microspheres per cent particles (Bentur, Arnon, and Kovler 293). This implies that the concrete mix becomes highly cohesive and denser because of the presence of the fine particles of SF. MK refers to processed form of amorphous silica components. It is acquired from the calcination of the kaolin at the temperature of 600 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 8500C (Siddique 219). Kaolin materials occur naturally. Its mineralogical and chemical compositions are based largely on the source rock (Tanabe 217). It occurs widely as white clay that results from naturally decomposing feldspar and it is utilized as paper filler, manufacturing of the porcelain materials and textiles as well as an absorbent in the medicines. Lastly, rice husk refers to the outer cover of rice grain characterized by high silica concentration within a range of 80% to 85%. The rice husk makes up 30% of the total weight of the rice kernel. Structurally, it consists of 80% organic components and around 20% non-organic components (Tanabe 414). These materials have a large content of pozzolanic activities because of non-crystalline silica and particular surface area. It is often utilized in the lime pazzolan mixes to replace Portland cement partly. 3.0 Calcium Silicate Hydrate 3.1 What is C à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" S - H? 2The Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) refers to the main binding components of the Portland cement paste containing 60 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 70% of fully hydrated paste. In the Portland cement, ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" C2S and C3S hydrate forming calcium hydroxide (CH) and C-S-H. The shorthand nomenclature of cement is utilized through this research paper, whereby C = CaO, S=SiO2, A = Al2O3, H = H2O. C-A-S-H and C-S-H mean a variable constituent of the main species. C-S-H is almost an amorphous, contains a variety of stoichiometry (Tseng 102). Additionally, the material is capable of incorporating the guest ions, especially aluminum. Mostly, the natural component of calcium silicate hydrate tobermorite has been utilized largely for modeling the molecular structure of the C-S-H. Most probably, aluminum incorporation into the structure of C-S-H plays a vital role in the mechanical and chemical behavior of the C-S-H (Tseng 49). The Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) may be adde d to the concrete mixtures as a way of increasing the quality of the cement properties. The commonly used SCMs, slag and fly ash is made up substantial quantities of the reactive aluminum. Notably, it is possible to incorporate aluminum into natural calcium silicate hydrate tobermorite. C-A-S-H is a form of C-S-H that has been substituted by aluminum and it is formed after dehydrating the presence of the Al3+ ions from Portland cement. Al3+ ions become present in the component when slag and fly ash is dissolved in the water (Scheirs, John, and Long 209). Therefore, the quality of C-A-S-H is achieved in the concrete when SCMs which contains reactive aluminum components to the concrete mixtures. 3.2 What are different C-S-H phases? According to (Finch, Robert and Bullen 178), there are two types of the C à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" S à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" H phases. C à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" S à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" H is described as the basic hydration product exhibited in the form of a corrugated platelet. The two types of C à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" S à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" H are type I and II. In type C-S-H (I) the ratio of Calcium à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Silicate is about 0.8 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1.5 while for type C-S-H (II), the ratio is 1.0 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2.0. Based on these two phases, the crystal nature of the phases increases with the Calcium à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Silicate ratio. The C à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" S à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" H (I) is exhibited in the electron micrographs in the form of flakes. On the other hand, the C à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" S à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" H (II) is exhibited in the forms fiber. These fibers correspond to a rolled platelets having the CH layers as shown in the following figure; Figure 1: The Rolled C à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" S à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" H (II) Platelets Source: Nano and microstructure of Portland Cement Paste A B à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the C à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" S à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" H layers C à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" The interlayer region D à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" The spaces between rolled leaves E à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" The internal spaces in the roll There are five varieties of the C à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" S à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" H phases that grow during the hydration process. They are described as needle-like, gel-like, sword-shaped and flake-shaped phases. In this regard, therefore, it can be noted that the C à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" S à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" H phases can undergo different morphological changes when C3S is hydrated. 3.3 How to Investigate Different C-S-H Phases? Different C à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" S à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" H phases can be investigated using classical X à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" ray on concrete and mortar material in a laboratory setting. In this way, the investigator can examine the distribution and quantify the phases that occur in the structure. This new technique is capable of enabling the evaluation of the microstructure of the cementitious system through a 3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" dimensional imaging (Davidovits 129). To begin, one will select two different forms of mortar bars that are fabricated in accordance with the DIN. The first mortar can be fabricated from the mixtures of norm sand and cement in a ratio of 1: 3 while the second bar which contains 75% sand composition the remaining 25% partially replaced by the waste of glass powder (Malhotra 118). It is expected that when cement is replaced by the reactive wastes of glass powder it results in porosity reduction especially ...

High Arts Importance in the World - Free Essay Example

Pablo Picasso, a famous painter, sculptor, and poet, declared, The purpose of art is washing the dust of daily life off our souls (Sherzai). Art gives people a reason to question society and look at the complexities of life. Life is boring and unvalued without craftsmanship. Art, whether it is music, drawing, or painting, gives people a way to express what they are really feeling and gives people an outlet from their daily life. In Aldous Huxleys book, Brave New World, art is banned and destroyed. No one is allowed to read, see, or have any contact with any form of art. Without literature, people will never think and learn of course they will live in a stable society where nothing will ever change, but people pay the price of creativity and the ability to think (Gehlhaus). The leaders in Brave New World suggest that youve got to choose between happiness and what people used to call high art. Weve sacrificed the high art(Huxley 220). Huxley depicts the true nature of man. Man would rather be happy than learn and grow as a person. In todays world, art teaches and explains values and when art is sacrificed in Brave New World, its people lose the valuable teachings and growth it brings. In fact, high art should not be sacrificed because art is filled with values and teachings that man can always learn from. For example, it is through art that human beings have found the real meaning of beauty and are able to make it a reality in their lives as well(Sherzai). Without art, humans have no idea what true beauty is because they would have no reference of true beauty. There would not be no images or relations of the amazing wonders art can bring. Subsequently, high arts impact on humans cause the expansion of ideas and creativity. Nobody wants to live in a world where everything is boring and unexciting. If it is difficult to live without science, living without art would be tasteless and colorless (Sherzai). In Brave New World, it is exactly that, tasteless and colorless. The citizens live their lives day to day doing nothing but what they have always done; nothing is different and nothing makes them think. If they very start to question why, they just use soma, a halluc inogen that helps people escape from troubling times, to get rid of those thoughts. Art not only has made life interesting and colorful but arts have enriched the human culture, influenced their way of living and even their thinking (Sherzai). Humans are not dolls to be manipulated by whoever and whenever. They have their own thought, opinions, and ideas. Art gives them a way to express those ideas but it also provides people with the opportunity to learn about those different ideas or opinions. If everyone is only fed one concept or belief then that is all they are going to believe, but if everyone is fed a multitude of diverse beliefs then they will have the option of what they want to believe in. High art gives that option to be different and explore various ideas. That is why the leaders in Brave New World banned all high art; they did not want contrasting ideas than their own floating around the world. Moreover, high art should not be sacrificed because of the multitude of posi tive impacts it has on human beings. In particular, high art needs to be valued because of the valuable growth it brings. Humans are very conditioned to live life for money. They go to school so they can earn a good job to make lots of money for their future. Humans do not stop to smell the roses and see the beauty of the world. They have a one track mind and do not lift their foot off the gas pedal, but art can stop the constant self-centered life. Art can teach us how to go into life with the ability to see the beauty of everything in the natural world (Unknown). With high art, not only will people stop their one track minds but they will be able to appreciate the beauty in life. Also, Art teaches you how to see the world in your own imagination (Unknown). It is one thing to see the world, but it is another to see it through ones own lense. Everyone has different interpretations of the world that helps them grow as a person. If every person thought the same way, this world would be very boring and unattractive. One th ing that makes this world amazing and beautiful is the diversity and uniqueness it is filled with, and that is all thanks to high art and its valuable teachings. High art deserves to be valued and taught. It not only impacts human perspective but the way they live their lives. Humans can easily get sidetracked by how important science and math are but if art is not taught, humans will not get the opportunity to express themselves in diverse ways. In Brave New World, the world leaders were only focused on math and science. They did not care about any high art or anything that creates different answers than their own. Since their primary focus was on science, people turned into robots. They only followed one schedule everyday, when something was difficult they would take soma, and everyone thought and felt the same way. After all, what people care the most about reflects who they are. Since, art searches beauty, finds it, and brings it to human life (Sherzai), there is no real question as to why there was no beauty in their world. They had nothing to bring in beauty to their world; they were forced to live in a bland and boring world. For examp le: Take the collective memory from our museums; remove the bands from our schools and choirs from our communities; lose the empathetic plays and dance from our theatres or the books from our libraries; expunge our festivals, literature and paintings, and youre left with a society bereft of a national conversationabout its identity or anything else. (Bazalgette) Arts Council chief Peter Bazalgette just gave the perfect picture of what an art free world looks like. No music, books, paintings, nothing that would give a society its culture. High art has more of an impact on daily life than one would expect. Every which way has something influenced by art. High art not only gives people a voice but it gives them culture and meaning to their lives. When high art is left behind, everything would change and life as one knows it would be different. Art is not just important because of the beauty it brings, but the identity it delivers. In Brave New World, Huxley emphasizes that in order for a utopian society to achieve a state of stability, loss of individuality, and the undoing of Mother Nature must occur. Successfully engineering these conditions produces a world where people are finally living happily ever after, but at a great cost(Gehlhaus). Those great costs are losing anything that causes people to be different; high art, religion, and any unrelatable books were the first to go. They did not care nor see the impact they were causing by banning the arts. They lost all sense of beauty, free thought, imagination, and different styles of thinking. In their world state motto, they endorse community, identity, and stability but they have no sense of identity if everyone is the same. Even though their world is fictional, it still plays a prominent role today. It shows what will happen if high art is left behind and what will come of it. If art ends up being left behind, the world will become unbeautiful, colorless, unimaginative, uncreative, and robotic in days to come.

Homelessness And Service Of Denver Colorado - 987 Words

Homelessness and Service in Denver Colorado By Cali Arbuckle Hiking through Rocky Mountain National Park the beauty was overwhelming, the next day our team was serving in downtown Denver in a Street reach meal service to people suffering from homelessness. The beauty of the mountains was overwhelming but then we surrounded by this vast issue of homelessness. Both of these moving experiences, along with many other moments during the week, that made this trip personally impactful and helped me to see the world in a more vivid light. Going on the end of the year service trip to Denver really opened my eyes to how many people are affected by homelessness. Homelessness can have many causes and can happen to anyone. In our societal system today once someone has reached poverty and become homeless it is very hard to recover from this cycle of poverty. The Denver community is working to help alleviate this cycle of poverty from their community. It was great to see that even though this is a huge problem in Denver they are taking steps, however small in light of the current situation, to improve their community. On our trip, we worked with DenUM Urban Ministries which is one such place trying to educate the public and help give aid to those who are homeless. Through this program, our group had the opportunity to learn about homelessness through hands-on activities. Showing the logistics of what poverty looks like on a personal level in a families finances and the tough choicesShow MoreRelatedThe Homelessness Epidemic Of Homelessness1958 Words   |  8 Pages The Homelessness Epidemic According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness, approximately 564,708 people were homeless on a single night in January of 2015 in the United States (â€Å"The State of Homelessness in 2016†). It is estimated that 250,000 people who suffer from Mental Health illnesses are homeless (Torrey). 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Problems Afflicting the Native Americans - 1991 Words

The American Indians are still fighting for more benefits and rights. To get a realistic impression of the Native Indians, it is absolutely necessary to look at them from all the sides and to realize their problems. Though the reservations in the USA, in fact, are on a different level of development. The problems of the Native Americans are varying and of different graveness. But one problem produces the next, in many cases. So there is no shortage of the worrying aspects among the American Indians definitely in the reservations as well as outside. There are only 52 million acres left today from the original American Indian homeland of about 6.1 billion acres which form North America. This land is mostly of inferior quality. The Bureau of†¦show more content†¦The Social challenges In and outside the reservations the Native Americans have to deal with more worrying social developments. All the ethnic groups in the USA the American Indians have the highest rate of school drop outs (about 54%),the highest rate of suicide, the highest rate of teenage pregnancy, the highest rate of teenage suicide, the highest rate of child mortality and lowest life expectancy. The drug abuse and the alcoholism have become a very common problem among the American Indians. Even in some reservations eight families out of ten have the problems with alcoholism. Most unfortunately it spreads among their children too. For those the problem with the unemployment, the decay of the reservations, environmental destruction and the lack of any positive future prospect are probably very hard to bear. Being promoted by the drug abuse, there are a lot of crimes in the reservations and outside also. The American Indians, especially the children, are becoming victims and offenders. 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Methods Of An Hr Professional - 1355 Words

1. Propose two (2) methods an HR professional could use to determine incentive pay. Specify the main manner in which the proposed methods take into consideration individual, group, and company performance. Justify your response. To be effective, incentive pay should boost the kinds of behavior that are most needed, and employees must believe they have the aptitude to encounter the performance standards. Employees must value and appreciate the rewards, and believe the pay plan is fair. Organizations can link incentive pay to individual performance, revenues, or other methods of success. They select incentives based on their budgets, anticipated influence on performance, and fit with the organizations broader HR and company strategies and objectives. As Hr. manager I will use the Merit pay system, and Gainsharing methods for incentive pay Merit pay is a system associating pay increases to ratings and evaluations on performance assessments. This system gives the biggest pay increases to the best performers and to those whose pay is comparatively low for their occupation. Organizations review merit upsurge grids in fluctuating economic and financial circumstances. â€Å"In companies that give yearly merit increases without a different raise for increases in cost of living, merit pay ends up serving as a cost-of-living adjustment and creates a sense of entitlement on the part of employees, with even low performers expecting them† ((Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright pg. 375 ) .Show MoreRelatedThe Concept and Importance of Continuous Professional Development (Cpd)1724 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance of continuous Professional Development (CPD) 1) Concept of CPD: CPD in other words known as Continuous Development, this is because the development of professional people increasing day by day and there is no end in 21st century. 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EachRead MoreBenefast Partners Hris Package: Flexibility and Focus Increases Performance996 Words   |  4 Pagesvariety of services to small, mid-size, and large markets, Benefast can tailor an HRIS system to serve a variety package that meets at least 75 percent of their clients’ needs. 3. DISCUSS THE METHODS TO BE EMPLOYED TO ENSURE THAT AN HRIS PACKAGE MEETS THE MAJORITY OF CLIENTS NEEDS. The methods that should be employed to ensure that an HRIS package meets the majority of clients needs are numerous and complex. A vendor should constantly be collecting data on their clients and their own organizationRead MoreDeveloping yourself as an effective practitioner1195 Words   |  5 Pagesof the CIPD HR Profession Map Activities and Knowledge specified within 1 professional band 2. Activity B Report on how HR practioner should ensure service they provide is timely and effective: Understanding customer needs Effective communicating Effective service delivery 3. Activity C My HR Map 4. 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The Examination of Complicated Relationships between The...

Author of many children’s books, Karen Mueller Coombs has illustrated that, â€Å"often the right path is the one that may be hardest for you to follow. But the hardest path is the one that will make you grow as a human being† (â€Å"Karen Mueller Coombs†, 2013). This statement explains how regardless of what circumstances or experiences a person goes through in life, an individual’s character will grow and evolve. This concept is demonstrated in The Kite Runner and The Flying Troutmans. Both main characters display that despite being brought up in different situations, their past choices evolve their characters. Their family complications are decreased and their family foundation becomes stronger. In The Kite Runner, Amir is a young Pashtun boy†¦show more content†¦Even though Hattie has always felt unwelcomed by her sister since birth, she continues to try to rebuild their relationship. This is evident at the hospital when Hattie leaves Paris to comfort her niece and nephew while her sister is ill. Hattie demonstrates selflessness by putting her own life on the back burner to take her niece and nephew on a road trip to find their father. â€Å"You, me, Thebie, we’re going on a road trip, I said. We’re gonna look for Cherkis† (The Flying Troutmans, pg.52). These examples demonstrate Hattie’s devotion to strengthen the relationship in her family. Both novels provide notable progression of characters becoming more selfless and caring towards others. Both Amir and Hattie have many of the same characteristics, one being selflessness. Like Hattie, Amir also experienced moments of selflessness as a child. This is evident when Amir included his Hazara slave, Hassan, to participate with him in the kite running tournament. Amir considered Hassan as an equal, despite the cultural differences and the potential of social backlash. Assef said, â€Å"†¦you’re bothering me more than this Hazara her e. How can you talk to him, play with him, let him touch you?† (The Kite Runner, pg. 44). Like Hattie as an adult, in order to strengthen the relationship with his newfound nephew, Amir sacrifices his newly adjusted life in America to adopt Sohrab from the atrocious conditions in Afghanistan. Amir

Company Characteristics Compliance With ASX-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Company Characteristics Compliance With ASX? Answer: Introduction Corporate Governance is regarded as the set of framework of rules, regulations, systems and processes within which the authority exercises and controls the entities. The purpose of corporate governance is to persuade how the objectives of the companies are achieved and set. It also focuses on how the risk of a company are assessed and controlled. The structures and practices of corporate governance play a significant role in establishing the cost of capital in global capital market (Evans, Carlon and Holland 2016). The ASX corporate governance council encourages the companies to use the guidance for examining the practices and to verify what will benefit the companies. The principles provide an outline for considering the unlisted companies of Australia. Corporate Governance sets up policies for itself. It is a way of governing the employees of a company. The aim of corporate governance is to increase the accountability of the company and ignore problems and disasters before it occurs. Corporate governance is significant as it lays down the framework for creating a long-term trust between the companies and the external providers of capital (H?eb?ek et al. 2014) Corporate governance also helps in improving the strategies by making directors independent who are experienced. It diminishes the monitoring and managing risk that a firm goes through globally. Corporate governance also limits the liability of the management and the directors by expressing the process of decision-making. Good governance is essential as it strengthens and boosts up the confidence by ensuring the commitment of the company to higher profits and growth. The Principles and Recommendations are set out to recommend the concept of corporate governance that practices for the listed companies on the ASX. These companies are said to have achieved good governance results that meets the reasonable anticipation of the maximum number of investors in most of the situations. They are structured to promote the basic principles (Shimeld, Williams and Shimeld 2017). Structuring the board to add value, laying down proper foundation for the management, acting ethically, making balanced disclosure and recognizing and managing the risk occurring in the companies. The Council recognizes that different companies legitimately adopts and follows various kinds of government practices. Especially on the factors that consists of the history, size, complexity and the corporate culture. However, due to these factors or reasons, the recommendations and principles are not necessary and they do not look for to stipulate the corporate governance practices that the listed companies should adopt. Therefore, the principles are structured in two phases. A proper framework of governance represents framework that can be applied to various kind of unlisted entities not considering the level of complexity or size of it. In the second phase, governance evaluates that kind, which are more significant to complex and larger entities specially the ones that prepare for future listings. The origin of the principles and recommendations is the if not, why not approach. This governance practices listed companies to approve a matter or scheme for the board of directors, the head over viewing the legal responsibility for managing the business and to make sure that the companies have suitable governance arrangements (Hay, Stewart and Botica Redmayne 2017). According to the recommendations and principles, if the board of a listed company believes that the recommendation of a Council may not be appropriate to the particular events, it is not bound to adopt. However, this explains the reason as to why it did not adopt the recommendation of if not, why not approach. Due to this, the market gets information about the companys governance so that it can arrange investors that can factor the information into their decision, security holders and stakeholders that can have a discussion with the board and management on governance issues and the security holders who can factor that i nformation into their decision as to how to vote on particular resolutions. Therefore, the approach of if not, why not is fundamental to the procedure of the principles and recommendations (Lama and Anderson 2015). The AXS Corporate Governance Council needs to continue reviewing the principles and recommendations to ensure that they remain pertinent, takes into account the local and international developments, and choose to reflect it in the best international practice (Klettner, Clarke and Boersma 2014). Investors and companies are persuaded to offer feedback about monitoring the completion and collision of the recommendations to the ASX corporate governance council to the member bodies (Lama 2014). The ASX corporate governance will still review the impact of these recommendations and principles by examining the disclosures made in the annual reports and deliberation of the opinion. ASX organized the Corporate Governance Council in August, 2002. In this scenario, the Council had brought together a large range of industry groups and business shareholders. Each of them generally offers their individual opinions and perspectives on the issues of governance. This method started operating the charter thst was adopted in November, 2002. The basic or essential role of the Council is to form and develop the issue principles that are based on the recommendations of the corporate governance practices that were adopted by the listed companies of ASX (Dumay 2017). The purpose of the recommendations is to promote the confidence of the investors and to assist the listed companies to meet the expectations of the stakeholders to their governance. The listed ASX companies needed to benchmark their corporate practices against the recommendations of the Council. The listed companies have the flexibility to adopt the alternate corporate governance practices only if the board agrees those to be appropriate in those situations. The present edition of the Councils corporate governance principles and recommendations was released on March 27, 2014. This version came into force and affected the list of companies on July 1, 2014. The Listing Rules provide the interests of the listed companies and investors, both of whom have an essential interest in maintaining consistent reputation of the market in ASX listed securities and ensure that there are efficient facilities for capital rising. The connection between ASX and listed that an entity should gratify the minimum standards of quality and size and must disclose relevant information before it is submitted to the list. Secondly, there must be enough interest of the investor in an entity and securities should be exhibited they are quoted (Kent et al. 2016). Thirdly, securities must be issued in situations, which are fair to the existing security holders. Fourthly, disclosure must be made on time since that will have effect on the value of the entitys security. Information are generally disclosed in order to enable investors for assessing an entitys corporate governance practices. Disclosure is significant since reporting about the information is widely viewed as the most efficient measure that regulates and encourages better corporate governance. By this way, the market receives all the information needed. Investors and markets make investment decisions based on the provided information. The market can operate properly and diligently when they have access to the required and sufficient information to assess the governance properly. It helps them to ascertain the degree according to which companies reply to the needs of the shareholders (Abraham, Marston and Jones 2015). It also discloses and shows the quality of the future cash flows. Therefore, a listed company should have a written policy for conforming to the continuous disclosure and obligations under the Listing Rules. The entity must disclose the policies. This helps in the improvement of the corporate governance. Listing Rules discloses information and makes a company aware of the information. ASX does not monitor the corporate social responsibility. It should be delegated to ASX by amending the list of governing principles. Corporate governance contributes to the long term success and value of unlisted companies. It is specifically important for the unlisted companies. ASX should amend the list of principles so that shareholders can introduce a suitable constitutional framework for the company (Corkery, Mikalsen and Allan 2017). According to the principles, every company must have an effective board that is responsible for long term success of the company. The size and composition of the board must reflect the activities of the company. Enough duties need to be discharged and supplied regularly with suitable information. Sufficient remuneration should be present to attract and motivate employees. As per the principles, the board will be liable for the oversight of risk and should maintain a sound system of internal control to secure the shareholders investment and the ass ets of the company. Every director of the company should receive induction on joining the board and must be updated regularly to refresh their knowledge and skills (Golden 2014). Board committees must be set up to discharge the duties. Therefore, ASX must amend the list of these governance principles to maintain the governing process. Investors of an externally managed listed entity invest based on the expertise of the management. The principles are applicable to ASX listed companies. They can also be applicable to non-listed public companies. The non-listed entities follow the principles since it will benefit individual contribution made by the industry associations and corporate governance experts. It is essential for them to follow the principles and recommendations since it will be help in the growth and development of the business. Therefore, the eight core principles should be applicable to the unlisted public entities. The main principles represent a sound framework for considering by the Australian companies. However, not all the principles may be applicable for some of the companies. Corporate governance has become very effective for the existing companies. There are plenty of corporate government structures that are available globally. The environment in which companies operate also changes because of the principles. The effectiveness of the corporate governance system cannot be legislated by law. The recommendations made by different committees will help in raising the level of corporate governance in the companies. It will attract the local and global capital. The recommendations and principles form the structure of corporate governance with the high level of alterations in the industrial and economical environment in the country. To improve the effectiveness of corporate governance, disclosures and regulators should be maintained. Regulators and investors must follow the methods provided in t he guidelines on the mentioned corporate governance disclosure requirements. The ASX corporate governance will remain reviewing the force of these recommendations and principles by examining the disclosures made in the annual reports and deliberation of the feedback. References: Abraham, S., Marston, C. and Jones, E., 2015. Disclosure by Indian companies following corporate governance reform.Journal of Applied Accounting Research,16(1), pp.114-137. Corkery, J., Mikalsen, M. and Allan, K., 2017.Corporate social responsibility: The good corporation. Centre for Commercial Law. Dumay, J., Bernardi, C., Guthrie, J. and La Torre, M., 2017. Barriers to implementing the International Integrated Reporting Framework: A contemporary academic perspective.Meditari Accountancy Research,25(4), pp.461-480. Evans, C., Carlon, S. and Holland, K., 2016. Tax knowledge in large corporations: Insights and analysis. Golden, J.B. ed., 2014.The International Capital markets Review. Law Business Research. Hay, D., Stewart, J. and Botica Redmayne, N., 2017. The Role of Auditing in Corporate Governance in Australia and New Zealand: A Research Synthesis.Australian Accounting Review. H?eb?ek, J., Soukopov, J., tencl, M. and Trenz, O., 2014. Integration of economic, environmental, social and corporate governance performance and reporting in enterprises.Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis,59(7), pp.157-166. Kent, P., Kent, R.A., Routledge, J. and Stewart, J., 2016. Choice of governance structure and earnings quality.Accounting Research Journal,29(4), pp.372-390. Klettner, A., Clarke, T. and Boersma, M., 2014. The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of responsible business strategy.Journal of Business Ethics,122(1), pp.145-165. Lama, T. and Anderson, W.W., 2015. Company characteristics and compliance with ASX corporate governance principles.Pacific Accounting Review,27(3), pp.373-392. Lama, T., 2014. Board Subcommittees: If Not, Why Not?.Accounting and Finance Research,3(3), p.117. Shimeld, S., Williams, B. and Shimeld, J., 2017. Diversity ASX corporate governance recommendations: a step towards change?.Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal,8(3), pp.335-357.

Global Oil Crisis free essay sample

Whenever we talk about world energy source issues, everyone shows concern because the oil prices are increasing all the time. In addition, energy sources are depleting and will be exhausted one day. This phenomenon is called â€Å"the global oil crisis†. According to a theory by King (1956), all nations around the world will face an oil production crisis following a bell shaped curve based on the limits of exploitability and market pressure. Of course, not every nation will be faced with â€Å"Peak Oil†, it is based on the individual nation’s perspective and calculation of understanding peak oil. There are three main contributing factors that have caused this current global oil crisis: political instability, market pressure and the depletion of natural resources. Crude oil is one of the fundamental energy sources used by man. Oil is the main energy source to run the daily transportation, factories and make electricity. In view of this, energy sources have a worldwide demand in the global market. Every nation’s lifestyle and economy is still dependent on exports as a source of revenue. To influence the price of crude oil and get rid of unnecessary fluctuations in the international market, one of the international organizations was form which is calling OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries). OPEC is alliance of thirteen nations that control over fifty percent of the world oil and natural gas export. OPEC members are Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Algeria, Indonesia, Qatar, Nigeria, Libya, United Arab Emirates, Angola and Ecuador. Therefore, OPEC has a strong influence on the international market, especially when it makes a decision either to reduce or increase its oil production in the oil market. Political instability is one of the causes of the oil prices increasing in the global market. Political in nations producing oil country play an important role to influence the global oil market, success or failure in the relationship between the nations will give big impact on the international oil market. A series of evidence event has proved that political instability has cause the oil prices increasing. For example, in 1974, the political conflict between Arab nations and Israel resulted in several Arab exporting oil nations imposed an embargo on the countries who supporting Israel. Oil prices went from $3. 00 per barrel to $12. 00 which meant the price of oil had been quadrupled and it was caused by political instability in the Middle East. A series of political conflicts such as crisis in Iran in 1979, the Iraq-Iran war 1979, the Gulf War 1990, and the Iraq-Kuwait war 1990 contributed to the level of prices in the international market. Market pressure is another cause of the global oil crisis. Oil has a strong worldwide demand within the world’s population continues to grow. Billion of prosperous people especially in China and India will continue to push pressure on the oil market even though the price of oil is expensive. This is because they need energy sources to run their industrial sectors and transportation sectors. To meet with the market pressure, many oil producing nations have met with the limitation of oil supply due to the limitation of oil producing. To control the market pressure, the price of oil has to become expensive in the global oil market. Thus, it will give less demand on crude oil in the global market Apart from that, other external cause also result market pressure on the global oil crisis. For example, the shortage supply problems resulting from the Hurricane Gustav on 26 August 2008 have tore up Gulf Coast oil production and refining. As a result, the price of crude oil rises slightly in the oil market (Goldman 2008). The depletion of a natural source is another of the causes of the global oil crisis. Now, many of the nations around the world are faced with the â€Å"peak oil† crisis. Peak oil means the oil production has met its limitation and therefore the rate of oil production will decline in the future. Sample nations of oil producing country experience with peak oil crisis, US peaked in 1971 followed by the North Sea in 1999 and Mexico in 2006. Oil production in the Middle East and the Russia has not experienced it yet, but it will come eventually. Because supplies of oil and gas can increase the income of a country and also, a fall in global oil supplies could cause spiking in commodity prices and slow down a nation economy. Transition†¦.. These three causes not just only will give long term impact on all nations’ economy and lifestyle of citizen. Global Oil Crisis Effect on Social Increasing oil prices will make a lot of people suffer due to the high living cost. Increasing in oil prices in the global market meant increasing other commodities prices, especially food and the cost of transportation. People need food to continue to survive, but at the same time people need transportation to deliver food into the market. In addition, people also need transportation to run their business and earn profits to overcome with the high living cost in modern nowadays. People will experience with the high living cost in the next few years due to the commodities inflation dilemma. To rich countries such as United State, Iceland, Denmark and Canada with the average GDP (the value of final goods) per capital more than $30,000 dollar, they will not be a problem to them to experience with the commodities inflation crisis. But, to poor countries such as Malawi, Somalia, East Timor, and Afghanistan with the average GDP per capital less than $900 dollar, they will consider experience with the financial crisis due to the commodities inflation in the global market (Aneki n. d). Global Oil Crisis Effect on Economy Global oil crisis will affect on the world business. All nations around the world need petroleum products to run their business trading: export and import. This is one of the tradition ways to gain revenue of a nation country. However, oil crisis can make some of the nation’s economy slow down, whereas, at the moment, it can make some of the nations boost up their economy financial. Based on the research, OPEC countries members will get benefit while the oil crisis happens around the world. The reason is that those countries member hold large of oil producing in the world and also it holds 80% of world reserves (The future of oil and gas n. ). According to the Conclusion of Hanson: â€Å"By 2010, Muslim nations could control 60 percent of the world’s oil production and, more importantly, 95 percent of the world’s oil exports. In short, the Muslim exporting nations have Western economies by the throat†. Apart from that, the currency around the world will be fluctuated due to the limitation of oil supply to the oil market. A nation’s currency will drop if the prices of petroleum products increase in the global market. This is because expensive crude oil has force consumer use more of their income and afford to purchase the petroleum products. And, at the same time they will spend less with other goods and services such as convenient goods and shopping goods. Decrease consumer expenditures meant decrease a nation’s revenue. Global Oil Crisis Effect On Political The effect of global oil crisis not just effect on economy and social, but it is considered give a huge impact on political in the world business. There have a lot of evidence prove that the oil crisis had made conflict between those who have oil producing and those who do not have but are wiling to pay and buy it. Crude oil is nonrenewable resource and also it is one of the finite products in the international market. In addition, global oil producer country now had faced with the limitation of oil producing due to the coming oil depletion. Therefore, this kind of energy sources has a worldwide demand from all nations around the world and it can make some of nations conflict. From the research of history, the First Gulf War in 1990 is one of the examples that crude oil had made the political conflict between Iran and Iraq. The reason for Iraq invaded Kuwait is because Iraq accused Kuwait of stealing their oil (Weinberg 2005). Followed by the Second Gulf War in 2003, the US invaded Iraq with the same objective.

Teaching a Specialist Subject Essay Example

Teaching a Specialist Subject Essay Wider Professional Practice Assignment 1 How Recent Changes to UK Immigration Legislation Affect ESOL Provision in the Further Education Sector (Level 6) BryAnne Conley 7 January 2011 Introduction In recent years the English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) sector has been dramatically affected by top-level UK immigration legislation. Immigration changes emanating from the Home Office, as well as corresponding funding changes for ESOL through Skills for Life, have significantly impacted public-sector Further Education (FE) teaching of ESOL. This essay will outline the recent history of national legislative changes affecting English-language teaching and identify the current operating policy and include a description of my education sector and learners. Following this description will be a detailed analysis of how the policy has been implemented in the public FE sector and especially within my own organisation. The analysis will begin by examining funding issues that affect the implementation, followed by a point-by-point discussion of positive benefits as well as negative impacts of each aspect. Both pre-existing and pending funding changes which impact ESOL provision will also be briefly mentioned. Historical Overview Hamilton and Hillier (forthcoming, p 1) could not have been more accurate when they stated It is clear from the historical record that ESOL has received uneven and often unhelpful attention from government. In the early 2000s the UK began significantly tightening immigration controls in an effort to reduce the number of immigrants to this country, and many amendments were added to the main law controlling immigration to the UK: the Immigration Act 1971. We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching a Specialist Subject specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching a Specialist Subject specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching a Specialist Subject specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Prior to this time, the law specified only that any immigrant desiring British citizenship should have a sufficient knowledge of English (British Nationality Act 1948). In the last decade, however, an astounding 267 Statutory Instruments and 5 Acts dealing with immigration have been approved. These changes began with the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 and eventually led to the complete restructuring of the UK immigration system. A new Five-Tier Points-Based System (HC 439) was introduced and phased in during 2008 and 2009. This system tightened language regulations considerably, requiring different levels of English for different types of immigrants. HC 439 is the pertinent policy which this report will analyse, and one which significantly affects the FE ESOL sector, as it further restricts specifications regarding proof of English language progress and proficiency: A person is deemed to have sufficient knowledge of English and of life in the UK if he has attended a course using teaching materials derived from ‘Citizenship Materials for ESOL Learners’ and has thereby obtained a relevant accredited qualification in ESOL (or if he has passed the test known as the Life in the UK Test). [that] evidenced progress from one [ESOL] level to the next is required and that qualifications can only be obtained through attendance at a college that is subject to inspection by [approved agencies are listed]. This means that immigrants seeking to settle in the UK must now submit formal proof of their initial level of English in addition to proof of their final level, thus confirming an improvement of one whole ESOL level. In addition, instruction must now be provided by an approved, inspected college a change that could leave many private English language colleges without enough students to survive. (Tahir, 2010) Sector and Learners However, I teach in the public (approved) sector of Further Education: specifically in Adult and Community Education. ESOL provision in our sector is divided into several types of courses; the two areas I currently teach in are Skills for Life and Family Learning. Skills for Life ESOL, at the lower levels, has experienced significant cuts, whereas Family Learning ESOL is the only type of course for which funding has remained relatively stable. (NIACE, 2007) Our students are a mix of those who are settled, or wish to settle, permanently in the UK, and those who arrive from EU or EEA countries and want to improve their English for work purposes. As the Home Office has no power to regulate EU/EEA citizens in this country, this report will deal with the former group of students and how we help them achieve the required levels of proof of language proficiency and cultural knowledge for settlement (Indefinite Leave to Remain or ILR) and ultimately British citizenship. Implementation of Home Office Policy Backdrop: Funding Cuts An analysis of the implementation of Home Office policy in the Further Education sector would not be complete without mention of the effects of recent FE-wide funding cuts, for they have dramatically increased the negative impact of changes in immigration legislation. In 2007, the UK government introduced a major restructuring of the funding for the FE sector which included monetary cuts, reworking of fee remission structures, an increased emphasis on certain areas of Skills for Life, as well as workforce reforms requiring the upskilling of teachers in the FE sector (Learning and Skills Council, 2007). According to the 2007 NIACE report, all providers of FE and Adult Education experienced a reduction in LSC funding, which was their major source of revenue. The institutions surveyed by NIACE cited a few positive changes, such as becoming more focused and efficient, and learners benefiting from a sharper focus on quality. However, most of the changes cited were negative: †¢ reduction in learner numbers †¢ increased course fees and other supplementary charges (eg exam fees) †¢ significant barriers raised for low-income learners including ESOL learners staff reductions including teachers, support staff and managers †¢ reduction in administrative capacity †¢ cuts in the range and locations of provision †¢ reduction of course lengths †¢ shorter planning horizons †¢ need to invest in additional staff training In my own organisation, I have seen the following impacts of these funding changes: †¢ Job losses have caused demoralisation and increase d stress for tutors, and especially for managers, as an increased workload is shared among fewer people. †¢ The target-driven climate has resulted in more paper shuffling by tutors and learners. Much time has been wasted by tutors and managers tracking targets on computer programs that dont work, trying to force the reality of students learning and progress into pre-determined aims, and the necessity of managing the numbers to satisfy funding requirements. †¢ Fewer locations of provision have meant that learners and tutors must travel further to classes, resources such as libraries have been considered luxuries and closed, and there has been a constant reshuffling of offices resulting in cramped, or a complete lack of, office space for many staff. Cuts in administrative staff and services have meant extra planning and workload for tutors, and learners are short-changed by receiving reduced resources and support. †¢ Selection of students is now often based on factors such as motivation or ability to complete exams rather than the need to learn the language. Our funding is now inconsistent, erratic and short-term, leading to general confusion, lack of continuity and increased spin-up time for everyone involved. As early as 2003, Lea noted problems with this approach to funding, stating that an environment in which FE is considered a profitable business †¦ could affect which ESOL students we take in or not. Requirement One: Life in the UK HC 439 requires proof that our courses include materials from the approved Citizenship Curriculum. These must be used in our planning, and we must specify what we have covered on each students Individual Learning Plan. This specification has an overall positive impact in that learners gain greater cultural knowledge of the UK; the negative impact is a small amount of extra paperwork for tutors. Requirement Two: Increase English One Full ESOL Level This requirement of the law is significantly more involved in its implementation, and has several aspects which will be discussed in turn. Aspect 1: Initial proof of English level is now required in addition to final level proof. Before, a quick initial assessment of learners’ skills levels sufficed, but now we must perform a more-thorough and well-documented diagnostic assessment. This assessment forms critical evidence that may be inspected by agencies such as Ofsted. The impact of this is significant: nearly all of the first one or two class sessions are now devoured by extensive assessments. These are stressful for the students and require huge amounts of time for tutors to prepare, mark, record and file. Additionally, because this is the public sector, Ofsted monitoring and funding concerns have led to creating a new electronic Data Return to track this assessment data. It has taken phenomenal amounts of time over two years to implement this system and train staff to use it. An unintended positive impact of these assessments has been a more detailed knowledge of students’ strengths and weaknesses, which targets the delivery of learning more precisely. Aspect 2: Students must pass exams to show an increase of one complete ESOL level from their initial assessment. This requirement has led to more teaching to the test which puts pressure on students and tutors alike to have exam success. Areas of vocabulary, grammar or knowledge which fall outside the scope of the exam are less likely to be covered in class. In the short term, this can be frustrating to learners and does not positively contribute to the quality of educational provision; in the long term, it may negatively impact other areas of students lives such as their job or family where they may need this extra information to function well and enhance their quality of life. This can lead to negative consequences for learners’ equality of opportunity in society. A further negative impact is the pressure on tutors to under-assess students levels initially, so that they can achieve an increase of one complete level in one year. It is essential for funding that students pass a minimum of one exam annually. ) Some students may not be accepted to learning programmes if it is not felt that they can achieve the required exam results; this can potentially lead to a lowering of the diversity in the class. One positive benefit, however, has been greater motivation by students to attend classes, focus on their studies and do well. Aspect 3: The Home Office is only interested in increased proficiency in speaking skills; reading and writing skills are not a priority. As a result of this, reading and writing skills can tend to fall by the wayside, and this can impact on students employability, especially for higher-skilled or higher-paid jobs. Students may be quite qualified in their own country, but unable to obtain jobs in the UK in the fields in which they were trained. A possibly-unintended consequence of this is keeping immigrants job prospects low, thus preserving higher-skilled jobs for British nationals; this is in direct contradiction to the points-based immigration scheme and the stated intentions of government policies! Future and Wider Issues At the time of this writing (Nov 2010) another change to the point-based immigration system is about to be implemented (Command Paper Cm 7944, 2010). The rule change will require spouses of UK settled individuals to have level A-1 level English before they can even enter the country. This pre-entry spouse language requirement has the potential to impact our sector significantly by reducing the number of students and making it more difficult to reach our target group of priority ESOL learners under the governments ‘New Approach to ESOL’ scheme. (DIUS, 2009), thus leading to further reductions in the diversity of our classes. It may even violate human rights and race relations laws. (Travis, 2010). Although this policy does not emanate from the Home Office and is therefore not considered directly in this report, it will nevertheless impact our sector with perhaps even greater intensity. The New Approach to ESOL was introduced by the UK government in the summer of 2009 as a joined up approach for handling ESOL provision (ibid. , p 23). A New Approach does indeed echo many of the aims of the Home Office legislation such as a refocus on ESOL priority learners, ESOL as part of preparing for work, and English to gain citizenship and integrate into communities. However, no new funding is provided to accomplish these additional tasks, and this will be intensely problematic. The Union of Colleges and Universities (2008) has stated categorically: Laudable government aims to lift migrant workers out of poverty and to deliver its community cohesion strategy [will] not happen unless appropriate funding is found. Conclusion The research done for this report suggests that ESOL provision in the Further Education sector is reaching a crisis point. More requirements are being piled on by government legislation emanating from a variety of agencies, while at the same time crippling funding cuts are being made across the sector. Staff in the sector are being stretched and stressed to the maximum. Barriers are being raised for learners that will keep immigrants in an economically-disadvantaged position in direct opposition to touted government ideals. It appears to be mainly funding policies, rather than requirement policies, which drive improvements or lack thereof in educational provision. 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